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FRElsiCH  DICTION 
SINGERS  AND  SPEAKERS 


WmHarkness  Arnold 


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FRENCH    DICTION 


FOR 


SINGERS   AND    SPEAKERS 


BY 


WILLIAM    HARKNESS   ARNOLD 


BOSTON  ^^^ 

OLIVER   DITSON   COMPANSf^ 


^ 


NEW  YORK 

CHAS.  H.  DITSON  &  CO. 


ICAGO 


^YON  &  HEALY 


9^y 


Copyright,  MCMXII, 
By  Oliver  Ditson  Company 


International  Copyright  Secured 


c 


■^ 


Stanbopc  iPress 

F.    H.GILSON   COMPANY 
BOSTON,  U.S.A. 


PREFACE. 


The  study  of  French  diction  may  be  undertaken  by  any- 
one who  desires  to  sing  in  French,  or  to  understand  French 
when  sung  or  spoken;  or  as  a  preparation  for  the  study  of 
the  French  language  at  school  or  college. 

Many  singers,  while  realizing  the  importance,  both  artistic 
and  financial,  of  good  diction  in  French,  have  hesitated  to  sing 
French  songs  except  in  translation.  It  was  quite  natural  to 
suppose  that  the  study  of  French  diction  would  be  as  diffi- 
cult as  that  of  English  diction;   but  such  is  not  the  fact. 

Almost  every  educated  person  who  travels  in  Europe  for 
the  first  time  finds  himself  understanding  French  with  great 
difficulty,  if  At  all.  The  language  he  reads  readily  sounds 
to  his  ear  like  an  unknown  tongue.  The  reason  is  simple.. 
His  ear  has  never  been  opened  to  hear  the  French  vowel- 
sounds  on  which  the  spoken  language  is  based. 

Realizing  fully  the  difficulties  of  acquiring  French  diction 
by  the  methods  hitherto  employed,  the  author  has  studied 
to  develop  a  system  at  once  definite,  accurate  and  easy. 
The  labor  of  learning  it  has  been  minimized  by  dividing  the 
work  between  eye  and  ear,  and  by  stripping  every  topic  of 
useless  detail. 

Advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  fact  that  French  is  an 
absolutely  phonetic  language,  to  formulate  a  system  for  its 


Ul 


303968 


iv  PREFACE 

pronunciation  which  proceeds  swiftly  and  surely  to  mastery 
of  the  subject. 

To  aid  the  memory  a  simple  system  of  marking  has  been 
devised,  whereby  the  exact  diction  in  song  or  speech  may  be 
indicated  with  certainty,  either  while  listening  to  an  artist 
singing  or  to  a  teacher  reading  the  text  aloud. 

The  spoken,  written  and  singing  exercises  which  occur  on 
almost  every  page  are  only  intended  to  serve  as  guides  for 
the  formation  of  many  more. 

The  songs  with  diction  marked,  which  are  inserted  in  the 
book,  are  selected  to  combine,  with  the  practice  necessary 
for  perfecting  one's  attainments  in  diction,  the  greatest 
amount  of  pleasure  in  singing.  As  in  the  case  of  the  singing 
exercises  scattered  through  the  book,  those  who  do  not  care 
to  sing  them  should  read  them  aloud. 

The  chapter  on  conversational  French  will  show  the  value 
of  this  system  of  marking  as  an  aid  to  speaking,  as  well  as  to 
singing  French. 


CONTENTS. 


Pack 
First  Lesson.  —  The  Alphabet,  Accents,  Syllables,  Consonant-Sounds ....  i 

Second  Lesson.  —  Vowel-Sounds,  Syllables,  Double  Consonants 5 

Third  Lesson.  —  The  Vowel  A ,  First  and  Second  French  Exercises 8 

Fourth  Lesson.  —  The  Vowel  E,  Third,  Fourth  and  Fifth  French  Exercises       12 

Fifth  Lesson.  —  The  Vowels  /,  F,  O,  E  Mute  and  Final  E,  Sixth,  Seventh 
and  Eighth  Exercises,  French  and  Music,  Tonic  Accent,  First  and 
Second  Special  French  Exercises 19 

Sixth  Lesson.  —  French  U,  The  Combinations  OU,  EU,  and  OEU,  Ninth, 

Tenth  and  Eleventh  Exercises,  Table  of  Vowel-Sounds 26 

Seventh  Lesson.  —  First  and  Second  Nasal-Sounds,  Twelfth  and  Thir- 
teenth French  Exercises 31 

Eighth  Lesson.  —  Third  and  Fourth  Nasal-Sounds,  Successions  of  Vowel- 
Sounds,  The  Yod,  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  French  Exercises 35 

Ninth  Lesson.  —  The  Successions  0/and  01 N,  The  Consonant  F,  Sixteenth 

French  Exercise   40 

Tenth  Lesson.  —  Liquid  L,  The  Succession  lEN,  Consonants  continued. 
The  Vowels -4  and  O  continued.  The  Yod,  Liquid  GN,  The  Termination 
^/  in  Verbs,  The  Conjunction  Et,  Bridge  Syllables  concluded 43 

Eleventh  Lesson. — E  Mute  continued,  Conversational  French:  I,  At 
Table;  II,  The  Weather;  III,  The  French  Lesson;  IV,  Travel  by  Rail; 
V,  The  Concert;  VI,  A  Dialogue 48 

Twelfth  Lesson.  —  French  Prose:  I,  From  The  Heritage,  by  Topflfer;  II, 

From  Monsieur  Lecocq,  by  Gaboriau ;  1 1 1 ,  From  Les  Miserables,  by  H  ugo.       57 

Thirteenth  Lesson.  —  French  Poetry:  I,  Chanson,  by  de  Musset;  II, 
Le  Corbeau  et  le  Renard,  by  La  Fontaine;  III,  Rappelle-toi,  by  de  Musset; 
IV,  Carcassone,  by  Nadau * 69 

Fourteenth  Lesson.  —  French  Songs,  by  Chaminade,  Debussy,  Denza,  de 
Fontenailles,  Franck,  Godard,  Gounod,  Lacome,  Massenet,  Novelli, 
Pfeiffer,  Pessard,  Rothschild,  Tosti,  and  Widor 78 

A  General  Table.  —  Letters  and  Combinations,  Their  Sound  Names  and 

Markings 115 


FRENCH   DICTION. 

"  From  the  known  to  the  unknown." 


FIRST  LESSON. 

The  Alphabet.  —  The  sounds  of  the  French  language  are 
represented  to  the  eye  by  means  of  an  alphabet  of  twenty-six 
letters:  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H,  I,  J,  K,  L,  M,  N,  O,  P, 
Q,  R,  Sf  T,  U,  V,  W,  X,  Y,  Z,  supplemented  by  four  char- 
acters: (a)  the  circumflex  accent,  (\)  the  grave  accent,  (/) 
the  acute  accent  and  (0  the  cedilla. 

Note,  —  The  letter  W  is  found  only  in  words  of  foreign 
origin. 

Vowels  and  Consonants.  —  Although  the  letters  compos- 
ing the  French  alphabet  might  be  divided  into  several  classes, 
it  will  be  sufficient  for  the  purposes  of  this  book  to  divide 
them  into  only  two  classes:   vowels  and  consonants. 

The  vowels  are  A,  E,  I,  0,  U  and  F;  the  consonants  are 
all  the  remaining  letters. 

The  Circumflex.  —  The  first  of  the  four  characters  sup- 
plementing the  French  alphabet  is  called  the  circumflex 
accent  (a).  Whenever  used  it  is  placed  over  the  vowels: 
A  {a),  E  (e),  I  (t),  0  (6)  and  U  (u),  changing  the  names  of 
these  vowels  to  A  circumflex  (a),  E  circumflex  (e),  I  circum- 
flex (I) ,  O  circumflex  (o)  and  U  circumflex  (tl) . 


2  /       '    '.'  FRENCH  DICTION 

The  Grave.  —  The  second  of  the  four  characters  supple- 
menting the  French  alphabet  is  called  the  grave  accent  (\), 
and  is  placed  over  either  the  vowels  A  (a)  or  E  (e)  in  certain 
words,  changing  the  names  of  these  vowels  to  A  grave  (d) 
and  E  grave  (e)  respectively. 

The  Acute.  —  The  third  of  the  four  characters  supple- 
menting the  French  alphabet  is  called  the  acute  accent  (/), 
and  is  placed  only  over  the  vowel  E  (e)  in  certain  words, 
changing  the  name  of  this  vowel  to  E  acute  (e). 

The  Cedilla.  —  The  fourth,  and  last,  of  the  characters 
supplementing  the  French  alphabet  is  called  the  cedilla  (») 
and  is  placed  only  under  the  consonant  C  (c),  in  certain 
words,  changing  the  name  of  this  consonant  to  C  cedilla  {c) . 

The  Hyphen.  —  The  hyphen  and  all  the  usual  marks  of 
punctuation  are  used  in  the  same  manner  in  French  as  in 
English. 

Syllables.  —  In  French,  words  are  of  one  or  more  syl- 
lables. A  definite  rule  can  be  given  for  the  division  into 
syllables  of  all  French  words.  In  English,  no  such  rule 
could  be  established.  The  first  part  of  the  French  rule  is: 
Every  syllable  ends  with  a  vowel  (vowel-sound).  To  this 
part  of  the  rule  there  are  a  few  exceptions  which  will  be 
noted  in  a  subsequent  paragraph.  The  second  part  of  the 
rule  for  dividing  French  words  into  syllables  may  be  stated 
thus:  every  syllable  begins  with  a  consonant.  So  funda- 
mental is  the  principle  that  every  syllable  should  begin  with 
a  consonant,  that  the  final  consonant  of  a  word  forms  a 
syllable  with  the  initial  vowel  of  the  following  word,  when- 
ever the  following  word  begins  with  a  vowel.     The  complete 


FRENCH  DICTION  3 

rule  for  the  division  of  French  words  into  syllables  may  be 
stated  thus:  Every  syllable  begins  with  a  consonant  and 
ends  with  a  vowel  (vowel-sound). 

Examples.  — 

Paris,  Pa-ri  beaucoup,  beau-cou 

caft,  ca-fe  tranquille,  tra-nqui-lle 

Trocadero,   Tro-ca-de-ro  petit,  pe-ti 

mauvais,  mau-vai  joli,  jo-li 

Note.  —  Do  not  attempt  to  pronounce  these  words.  Ob- 
serve that  when  there  is  a  succession  of  vowels,  the  syllable 
ends  with  the  final  vowel. 

Bridge-Syllables.  —  The  syllable  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  final  consonant  of  a  word  with  the  initial  vowel  of  the 
next  word  is  called  a  bridge-syllable. 

Consonants.  —  In  French,  consonants  have  practically  the 
same  pronunciations  as  in  English.  By  reading  carefully  the 
following  list,  the  few  differences  in  pronunciation  may  be 
easily  remembered: 

B  as  in  English. 

C,  when  standing  before  the  letters  E,  I  or  F,  has  the 
sound  of  S. 

C  cedilla  (c),  has  the  sound  of  5. 

CH  has  the  sound  of  SH,  except  that  before  a  consonant 
it  has  the  sound  of  K. 

C  before  all  letters  except  E,  I  and  Y  has  the  sound  of  K. 

D  as  in  English;  except  when  final  and  carried  over  in  a 
bridge-syllable  to'  the  next  word  it  has  the  sound  of  T. 

F  as  in  English ;  except  when  final  and  carried  over  to  the 
next  word  it  has  the  sound  of  V. 


FRENCH  DICTION 

G  has  the  sound  of  Z  in  azure  (zh)  before  E,  I  and  Y, 
G  is  hard  as  in  get,  before  other  letters. 
GiV  will  be  considered  in  a  paragraph  entitled  "Liquids." 
H  is  usually  silent  in  French;    but  in  the  few  cases  in 

which  it  is  pronounced,  it  has  the  same  sound  as  in 

English. 
/,  like  G  before  E,  I  and  Y,  has  the  sound  of  Z  in  azure 

{zh). 
K  as  in  English. 
L  as  in  English,  except  when  liquid.     L  is  liquid  in  a 

number  of  combinations,  all  of  which  will  be  considered 

in  other  paragraphs. 
M  as  in  English ;   except  when  used  as  the  sign  of  a  nasal- 
sound,   in  which  case  it  is  not  pronounced  except  in 

bridge-syllables. 
N  as  in  English;  or  as  a  sign  of  nasality,  and  sounded  in 

bridge-syllables. 
P  as  in  English. 
PH  like  English  F, 
QUWke  English  i^. 

R  as  in  English;   but  more  strongly  articulated. 
S  as  in  English,  except  that  when  between  two  vowels  it 

has  the  sound  of  Z. 
T  has  two  different  sounds;    one  like  the  ordinary  sound 

of  T  as  in  English,  and  the  other  like  a  hissing  S, 
V  as  in  English. 
W  like  English  V. 
XWkeKS. 
Z  as  in  English. 


SECOND   LESSON. 

Vowel-Sounds.  —  Civilized  man  uses  language  for  three 
distinct  purposes, —  speaking,  singing  and  oratory  (pulpit, 
platform  and  stage).  All  languages  are  sung  on  a  basis  of 
vowel-sounds,  the  duration  of  the  vowel-sound  depending 
upon  the  time  value  of  the  note  in  the  vocal  score.  In  ora- 
tory, most  languages,  including  English,  are  spoken  largely 
upon  a  basis  of  vowel-sounds;  but  in  French,  all  articula- 
tion of  words,  whether  for  song,  oratory  or  speech,  is  founded 
absolutely  upon  a  basis  of  vowel-sounds. 

Conversational  English  is  based  largely  upon  a  succession 
of  consonant-sounds,  and  is  therefore  the  exact  opposite  of 
conversational  French,  which,  as  has  just  been  stated,  is 
based  wholly  upon  a  succession  of  vowel-sounds.  It  is  to 
be  understood,  then,  that  the  French  language,  in  whatever 
manner  it  is  employed,  whether  for  singing,  oratory  or  speak- 
ing, is  based  absolutely  upon  vowel-sounds. 

Definition  of  a  Vowel-Sound.  —  A  vowel-sound  may  be 
defined  as  a  single  sound  uttered  with  lips,  teeth  and  tongue 
in  a  definite,  exact  position.  The  lips,  teeth  and  tongue 
take  this  definite,  exact  position  before  the  sound  is  uttered, 
and  maintain  it  unchanged  until  the  sound  has  ceased. 
The  singing  or  speaking  of  French,  therefore,  requires  the 
formation  of  exact  mouth  positions.     In  this  respect  French, 


6  FRENCH  DICTION 

as  spoken,  has  a  certain  kinship  to  English  as  sung,  but  no 
kinship  whatever  to  conversational  English.  Without  ac- 
quiring a  new  mouth  habit,  it  would  be  impossible  for  an 
American  to  speak  French,  and  his  French  diction  in  sing- 
ing would  expose  him  to  ridicule  and  offend  the  ear  of 
every  educated  listener.  The  speedy  acquirement  of  the 
precise  mouth  position  required  for  the  pronunciation  of 
each  French  vowel-sound  necessitates  the  use  of  a  mirror  in 
elementary  practice.  With  the  assistance  of  both  eye  and 
ear,  the  eleven  vowel-sounds  of  the  French  language  may  be 
readily  acquired. 

If  the  lips,  teeth  or  tongue  should  change  position  in  the 
slightest  degree  during  the  utterance  of  a  French  vowel- 
sound,  it  would  cease  to  be  French;  although  it  might  be 
a  vowel-sound  in  some  other  language.  A  French  vowel- 
sound  is  always  a  single  sound  which  never  varies  in  the 
slightest  degree  throughout  its  duration. 

Bridge-Syllables  {continued).  —  We  have  learned  that  in 
French  every  syllable  begins  with  a  consonant  and  ends 
with  a  vowel-sound,  and  that  even  the  final  consonant  of  a 
word  forms  a  syllable  with  the  initial  vowel  of  the  next 
word,  when  the  next  word  begins  with  a  vowel.  Whenever 
a  syllable  is  formed  by  the  final  consonant  of  one  word  and 
the  initial  vowel  of  the  next,  it  will  be  spoken  of  as  a  bridge- 
syllable  and  marked  with  a  tie,  thus:  — 

petit  ami  {petit  ami,  pe-ti-ta-mi) 
mauvais  encre  {mauvais  encre,  mau-vai-zencre) 
il  a  {il  a,  i-la) 


FRENCH  DICTION  7 

Syllables  {continued).  —  In  dividing  words  into  syllables, 
it  will  be  found  that  a  syllable  ends  with  either  one,  two  or 
three  vowels  and  begins  with  one  or  more  consonants.  There- 
fore, in  our  first  attempts  to  divide  French  into  syllables, 
the  division  should  always  be  made  after  the  last  vowel 
whenever  there  is  a  succession  of  two  or  three,  thus :  — 
La  lune  blanche  La  lu-ne-  bla-nche 

Luit  dans  les  hois  Lui-t  da-ns  le-s  boi-s 

Paul  Verlaine  Paul  Ve-rlai-ne 

Exercise.  —  Pencil  a  star  under  the  first  letter  of  every 
doubled  consonant  on  several  pages  of  French. 

Exercise.  —  Divide  the  words  on  many  pages  of  French 
with  syllables  by  a  vertical  stroke  of  the  pencil  after  each 
syllable. 

Double  Consonants.  —  In  dividing  French  words  into  syl- 
lables, a  double  consonant  counts  only  as  a  single  letter,  and 
in  the  illustrations  a  star  will  be  placed  under  the  first  letter 
of  every  pair  of  doubled  consonants,  to  indicate  that  the 
letter  is  not  sounded  in  pronouncing  the  word  containing  it. 
A  star  in  the  illustrations,  under  any  letter,  will  indicate  that 
the  letter  is  not  to  be  sounded :  — 

bonne  (bonne,  bo-ne) 

* 

femme  (femme,  fe-me) 

en  effet  {en  effet,  e-ne-fe) 

buffet  {buffet,  bu-fe) 
* 

beurre  {beurre,  beu-re) 


THIRD   LESSON. 

The  Vowel  A .  —  The  French  vowel  A  has  two  pronunci- 
ations :  A  ordinary  and  A  exceptional.  The  pronunciation  of 
A  ordinary  is  always  to  be  given  to  the  letter  A ,  except  in  a 
few  definite  cases  which  will  be  stated  in  another  paragraph. 

A  Ordinary.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  A  ordinary  is  rep- 
resented to  the  eye  by  the  letter  A,  either  with  or  without  a 
grave  accent  (d,  a).  ' 

Examples.  — 

ami  (a-mi)  facile  (fa-ci-le) 

fable  (fa-ble)  Paris  (Pa-ri) 

d  la  mode  (a  la  mo-de) 
The  pronunciation  of  A  ordinary  can  be  found  in  the  English 
word  hat. 

Exercise.  —  Omitting  the  final  consonant,  pronounce  in 
monotone  the  following  English  words :  — 

hat  cat 

mat  fad 

bran  Mab 

Pronounce  again  the  words  of  the  foregoing  exercise,  letting 
the  lips,  teeth  and  tongue  retain  their  position  for  a  second 
or  two  after  the  vowel-sound  has  ceased.  Never  spread  in 
the  slightest  degree  the  corners  of  the  mouth  in  pronounc- 
ing A  ordinary,  and  always  speak  this  sound  with  a  certain 
depth  of  tone. 


FRENCH  DICTION 


First  French  Exercise.  —  Remembering  that  a  vowel- 
sound  is  a  single  sound,  pronounce  in  monotone  the  following 
French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  A  ordinary:  — 

la  ta 

ma  sa 

va  Canada  (Ca-na-da) 

For  practice  in  pronunciation,  write  syllables  by  combining 
every  consonant  with  the  vowel-sound  A  ordinary y  thus: 
bay  cay  da,  fa,  ga,  etc. 

Sing  these  syllables  to  the  ascending  and  descending  scale  of 
five  notes  in  the  middle  part  of  the  voice,  in  slow  tempo:  — 


I 


§ 


ba-  ca, 
ca-da, 
da-  fa, 
etc. 


ba-  ca, 
ca-da, 
da -fa. 


ba-c% 
ca-da, 
da-  fa, 


-BT— 

ba-ca, 
ca-da, 
da  <t  fa, 


ba 
ca 
da 


Sing  these  syllables  to  the  broken  common  chord: 


I 


=f 


fa-ga, 
la -ma, 

fa  -  ga, 
la  -  ma. 

fa-  ga, 
la -ma. 

fa 
la 

pa-ra, 

pa^  ra, 

pa-  ra. 

pa 

The  student  should  extend  these  exercises  through  all  pos- 
sible combinations  of  syllables  containing  the  vowel  sound, 
A  ordinary. 

A  Exceptional.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  A  exceptional 
is  represented  to  the  eye  in  three  ways :  — 
First,  by  A  circumflex  (d). 
Second,  by  A  before  the  letter  5  (as). 
Third,  by  A  before  the  syllable  tion  (ation). 


lO 


FRENCH  DICTION. 


The  pronunciation  of  A  exceptional  is  slightly  more  somber 
than  that  of  the  letter  A  in  the  EngHsh  word  park. 

Exercise.  —  Omitting  the  final  consonants,  pronounce  in 
monotone  the  English  words:  — 

stark  bark 

mark  lark 

hark  dark 

Second  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  A  ex- 
ceptional: — 

pas  {pa)  gras  (gra) 

bras  (bra)  bas  (ba) 

cas  (ca) 
As  there  is  no  word  of  one  syllable  containing  the  letter 
A   circumflex,  examples   of   the   pronunciation    of  A   excep- 
tional when  marked  with  a  circumflex  accent  (a)  must  be 
reserved  for  a  later  paragraph. 

As  we  have  not  yet  learned  the  pronunciation  of  the  French 
syllable,  -tion,  examples  of  the  pronunciation  of  A  exceptional 
before  this  syllable  (ation)  must  follow  in  another  paragraph. 
For  practice  in  pronunciation,  form  syllables  by  com- 
bining every  consonant  with  the  vowel-sound  A  exceptional, 
thus:   bas,  cas,  das,  etc. 

Sing  these  syllables  to  the  ascending  and  descending  scale 
in  the  middle  part  of  the  voice  in  slow  tempo :  — 


2C 


^ 


^m 


jZ 


Zf c* 1 — -1 1 » TT  _ 

bas-cas,   bas^as,  bas-cas,  bas-cas,  bas-cas,  bas-cas,   bas-cas,  bas 

las-mas,  las'-ms^s,  las-mas,  las-mas,  las-mas,  las-mas,  las-mas,  las 

ta.^iias,  tas-nas,  tas-nas,  tas-nas,  tas-nas,  las-nas,  tas-nas,  las 


FRENCH  DICTION 


II 


Sing  these  syllables  to  exercises  moving  by  skips:  — 


^S 


t 


^^ 


pas-gas,  pas- gas,  pas-gas,  pas-gas,  pas-gas,  pas-gas,  pas-gas,  pas 
das-fas,  das- fas,  das- fas,  das-fas,  das-fas,  das-fas,  das-fas.  das 
ras-vas,    ras-vas,  ras-vas,  ras-vas,   ras-vas,   ras-vas,   ras-vas,    ras 

W  The  Vowel  A  (continued).  —  In  French,  the  vowel  A  has 
two  distinct  pronunciations,  both  of  which  we  have  learned. 
For  practice,  written  syllables  should  now  be  formed  from 
every  consonant  with  the  vowel  A ,  alternating  its  two  pro- 
nunciations, thus:  ba,  has,  ca,  cas,  etc. 

In  the  examples  and  illustrations  contained  in  this  book, 
the  sound  of  A  exceptional  will  be  indicated  by  the  figure  2 
printed  under  the  letter  A. 


bras 


cas 

2 


nation 

2 


ame 

2 


Logically,  the  vowel-sound  A  ordinary  would  be  marked  A; 

I 

but  the  author  deems  it  unnecessary  to  mark  the  ordinary 
pronunciation  of  any  letter. 

Make  singing  exercises,  both  scalewise  and  by  skips,  al- 
ternating the  vowel-sounds  A  exceptional  and  A  ordinary  in 
the  syllables  employed. 


22 


-J2. 


-&- 


ma  -  cas,    ma -cas,    ma  -  cas,    ma -cas,    ma -cas,      ma 

gr|S-la,     gras-la,     gras  -  la,    gras  -  la,    gras  -  la,      gr|S 

ta  -  pas,      ta  -  pas,     la  -  pas,     ta  -  pas,     ta  -  pas,       ta 


se 


#=3=N 


i 


bras-ca,   bras-ca,   bras-ca,  bras-ca,     bras 
«         *       «  '2  '2  '2 

na  -  las,    na  -  las,     na  -  las,    na  -  las,       na 
2  '  2  *  2  '  2  ' 

qua-vas,   qua-vas,    qua-vas,    qua-vas,     qua 


FOURTH  LESSON. 

The  Vowel  E.  —  The  French  vowel  E  has  three  pronunci- 
ations :  E  ordinary,  E  exceptional  and  E  mute.  E  is  the  only 
vowel  in  French  that  has  three  pronunciations.  The  vowel- 
sound  E  mute  is  often  unpronounced  in  ordinary  speech,  but 
it  is  always  pronounced  in  singing  and  in  poetry. 

E  Ordinary.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  E  ordinary  is 
represented  to  the  eye  in  six  different  ways :  — 

First,  by  E  circumflex  (e). 
Second,  by  E  grave  {e). 
Third,  by  the  combination  ai. 
Fourth,  by  the  combination  ei. 
Fifth,  by  the  combination  es. 
Sixth,  by  the  combination  et, 
e,  e,  ai,  ei,  es,  et. 

The  pronunciation  of  E  ordinary  can  be  found  in  the  English 
word  met;  but  this  sound  should  always  be  pronounced  with 
the  lower  jaw  dropped. 

Although  the  ordinary  pronunciation  of  a  vowel-sound 
is  unmarked  in  the  illustrations,  ordinarily,  it  is  deemed 
advisable  to  mark  the  combinations  of  letters  representing 
the  vowel-sound  E  ordinary,  thus:  ai,  ei,  es,  et. 

c      c      c      c 

12 


FRENCH  DICTION 


13 


Exercise.  —  Omitting  the  final  T,  and  dropping  the 
lower  jaw  as  in  French,  pronounce  in  monotone  the  follow- 
ing English  words :  — 

set  bet 

let  fret 

get  net 

Third  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the  fol- 
lowing French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  E  ordi- 
nary: — 

tres  (tre),  very  frais  (frai),  fresh 

vrai  (vrai)j  true 

e 

mais  (mat),  but 


mes  (mes),  my 


les  (les),  the 

e  e 

E  ordinary  is  commonly  mispronounced  by  English-speaking 
people,  and  the  greatest  care  should  be  taken  to  acquire  an 
accurate  pronunciation  in  written  syllable  practice :  he,  ch,  de, 
fe,  ge,  etc. 

Sing  exercises,  both  scalewise  and  by  skips,  employing 
every  combination  of  consonant  with  the  vowel-sound  E 
ordinary:  — 


I 


S 


be  -  nai,   bS  -  naj,  be  -  naj,  bai-nei,  bes  -  net,     bei 

e                   e  eeeeue 

le  -  re,    lal  -  res,  lei  -  re,    les  -  ret,     le  -  re,      lei 

e         e  e                   e          e                                  e 

kaj-te,    kes-le,  ke  -  tej,  ket  -  lej,     ke  -  te,       ke 


i 


i 


f 


^E^ 


-&- 


te 
pe 


te  -  nai,  tei  -  ne,    tes-  nei,    te  -  nej,   te  -  net, 

e        e  e         e  e  S 

pd-pe,   pe-pe,   pai-pe,   pe^i-pe,  pes -pet, 

e  e  e        e 

ve  -  lai,  vaj  -  le,    vej  -  lej,   ve  -  let,  vaj  -  lej, 

e         e  e        e  e  e        e 


14  FRENCH  DICTION 

E  Exceptional.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  E  exceptional 
is  represented  to  the  eye  in  three  ways:  — 

First,  by  E  acute  (e). 
Second,  by  the  combination  er. 
Third,  by  the  combination  ez. 
e,     er,     ez. 

The  pronunciation  of  E  exceptional  can  be  found  in  the 
English  word  gate,  by  pronouncing  this  word  at  the  very 
front  of  the  mouth,  the  corners  of  the  mouth  being  spread 
wide  apart. 

The  sound  of  E  exceptional  in  French  is  midway  between 
the  sounds  of  long  A  and  long  E  in  English. 

For  training  the  eye,  as  well  as  for  practice  in  pronunci- 
ation, write  many  syllables  employing  the  three  different 
spellings  of  the  vowel-sound  E  exceptional:  be,  cez,  der,  fe, 
gez,  ler,  etc. 

Fourth  French  Exercise  {continued) .  —  Pronounce  in  mon- 
otone the  following  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  E  ex- 
ceptional: — 

ne  (ne),  born  nez  (nez),  nose 

ble  {hie),  corn  ete  {e-te),  summer 

de  {de),  thimble  chez  {chez),  with 

In  the  illustrations,  A  exceptional  was  marked  with  a 
figure  2,  and  E  exceptional  will  be  marked  with  a  figure  2  in 
the  same  manner:   ble,  chez,  aimer,  {ai-mer). 

2  2  6         2  I  2 

As  ^,  E  and  0  are  the  only  vowels  in  French  having 
more  than  one  pronunciation,  the  figure  2  will  be  used  only 


FRENCH  DICTION 


IS 


to  designate  the  sounds:   A  exceptional  {d)y  E  exceptional  (e) 

2  2 

and  0  exceptional  (o). 

2 

Whenever  the  combination  of  letters  ai  and  et,  which  have 
usually  the  pronunciation  of  E  ordinary,  have,  by  excep- 
tion, the  pronunciation  E  exceptional,  they  will  be  marked 
underneath :  e  (exceptional) :  — 

fai  (fai) 

e 

et  (et) 

e 

Sing  exercises,  both  scalewise  and  by  skips,  employmg 
every  combination  of  consonant  with  the  vowel-sound  E 
exceptional:  — 


I 


i 


7^— g 


i 


^J   p  I  ^-> 


2Z 


-&■ 


TT 


be-de,  bez-de,  be-dez,   be-der,  bez-der,    be--dez,  be 

2       2'        2          2'  22*        Z      Z  *  2         Z  *         Z        Z   *  Z 

fe-ner,  fez-nez,  fe-ne,     fe-ner,  fe-nez,  fez-ner,  fe 

22*2         2'  2        2'         2        2*  2         2*2          2*  2 

le-ne,     le-ner,  le-nez,    lez-ne,  lez-nez,    le  -  ner,  le 

2        2*         2        2'  22*2         2*  2          2*2         2*  2 


¥ 


JN  Jl.J 


^ 


ja 


xc 


me-te,    m|-tez,  mez-tezj  rae-ter,  mez-ler,   me-te,    mez 

if-p|  Ji2-Pf»   Ji^Pi^'   Jrpf^'  Ji^"Pf'    Ji'Pf'    jf 
r§*^§>    r§z-bez,    re-ber,    re-bez,  rez-be,     re-ber,    re 

2        Z'        Z  22         2*         22*2  2*         22*         j^ 

Singing  exercises  should  now  be  written  employing  syl- 
lables containing  the  different  vowel-sounds  already  learned, 
thus :  — 


i 


^ 


^ 


pas-le  -  ta-mai,pas-le  -  la-ma  i,  pas -le  •  ta-mai,  pas  -  le  -  ta 

2^   2        e^2^      2  e  ^^2^   2        e'  2    2 

be-sa-  de-nas,  be-sa-  de-nas,  be-sa-  de-nas,  be  -  sa  -  de 

2   2  2   2  2   2  2 

ne-las  -  re- va,  ne-las -re-va,  ne-las  -  re- va,  ne-las-re 

22  22  22  22 


i6 


FRENCH  DICTION 


i 


-XL 


i 


jS 


^ 


-o- 


ja-mai  -  le-pas,  ja-mai  -  le  -pas,  ja-mai-  le-pas,   ia 
ke-vas  -  ba-ne,    ke-vas  -  ba- ne,    ke-vas-ba-ne,     ke 

2  2'  2  2  2  2 

les-nei  -  raj  -  te,     les-  nei  -  rai  -  te,    les-nei  -  rai  -  te,    les 
eee2eee2*eee2e 

'Note,  —  Those  who  do  not  wish  to  sing  the  singing  exer- 
cises should  read  them  aloud  many  times,  in  monotone. 

R  Mute.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  R  mute  is  repre- 
sented to  the  eye  by  the  letter  E  and  in  no  other  way.  It 
will  be  marked  thus  (£).  K  mute  is  always  the  end  of  a 
syllable.  Whenever  the  letter  R  is  followed  by  another 
vowel,  it  never  has  the  pronunciation  of  K  mute,  E  mute 
is  never  marked  with  an  accent,  either  circumflex,  grave  or 
acute;  and  the  letter  E  never  has  the  pronunciation  of 
E  mute  when  it  is  followed  by  a  pronounced  consonant  in 
the  same  syllable;  all  of  which  will  be  explained  in  detail 
in  later  paragraphs.  Its  pronunciation  may  be  found  in 
the  English  word  her.  In  pronouncing  E  mute  in  French, 
the  lips  are  to  be  somewhat  rolled  apart. 

Exercise.  —  Omitting   the   final   consonant,    and   rolling 

the  lips  apart,  pronounce  in  monotone  the  following  English 

words :  — 

her  stir 

fur  slur 

For  practice,  let  the  lips,  teeth  and  tongue  retain  their 
position  for  a  second  or  two  after  the  word  has  been  pro- 
nounced. 

Fifth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the  fol- 
lowing French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  E  mute:  — 


FRENCH  DICTION 


17 


de  {de),  of 
3 

te  {te), 
3 

thee 

me  {me),  me 
3 

le  {le), 
3 

the 

se  (se),  himself  or  herself 
3 

ce  {ce), 
3 

this 

also  the  following  words  of  two  syllables: 


dame  {da-me),  lady 
3 

etre  {e-tre),  to  be 
3 

aile  {ai-le),  wing 
^    3 


dme  {d-me),   soul 

2       3 

pere  {pe-re),  father 
3 

frere  {frh-re),  brother 
3 


Special  instruction  will  be  given  for  the  pronunciation  of 
E  mute  in  conversational  French. 

Form  written  syllables  by  combining  the  vowel-sound 
E  mute  with  all  the  consonants :  be,  ce,  de,  que,  ne,  etc. 

333  33 

Sing  exercises  employing  every  combination  of  consonant 
with  the  vowel-sound  E  mute:  — 


t 


^^ 


-^ 


se-ve,  se-ve,  se-ve,  se-ve,  se-.ve,  se-ve,  se 

3       8'  3       8'  8         8'  8-8'  3       3'  3       8'  8 

ne-le,  ne-le,  ne  -  le,  ne-le,  ne-le,  ne-le,  ne 

8       a  3       8*  8        8*  8       3'  8      3'  3      3'  8 

be-me,  be-me,  be -me,  be-me,  be-me,  be -me,  be 

8        8'  3        8  8         3*  8        8'  3        8'  8       8'  8 


3 


i 


-JSL 


je  ne 
•'3     3 

se  me 

8        8 


te 
3 


le 

8 


ve    re 

8        8 


je  ne 
•'3      8 

se  me 

8         8 


ve  re 

8       8 


-xs- 


te    le     je    ne     te    le       le 

3       8        *'8         8  8       8  *'8 


se  me    ve  re       se 

8         8         8      8  8 


que-be,  que -be,  que-be,  que-be,  que-be,  que-be,   que 


i8 


FRENCH  DICTION 


Write  singing  exercises,   alternating  syllables  containing 
the  vowel-sounds  already  learned,  thus:  — 


I 


T     rJ    ^-  :   r)    ^ 


J21 


JO. 


J  J  I ..  II 


la  tas  le  mai    be   rei     ve   te  bS   se     vas  le  te 

2  3e2e33  32  2 

le   pe  re  va   pres  de     la  me  re  tres  tres  sa  ge 

32  3                  e3  3ee  ^3 

bas  ha  te  ne      be  «ja  gras  ge  ja    je     jas  nej  ne 


m 


i 


o 

pas 

2 

te 

3 

pas 
8 


ba  cas  des 


2 

se    ta 
3 

me-  re 

3 


e 

le 

2 

ma 


fe 

2 


^% 


ja 


kas  lei  me 

2       e       2 


ne 

3 


fas  mai  ne    va  pas  be     re 

2  e      3  2 

me  -  re  ma  me -re   ja-mais 
3  3    **         o 


FIFTH  LESSON. 

/  and  Y.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  /  ordinary  is  repre- 
sented to  the  eye  by  the  letters  /  or  F,  and  in  no  other  way. 
As  the  vowels  /  and  Y  have  only  one  pronunciation,  from 
which  there  is  no  exception,  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  mark 
them  in  the  illustrations.  The  pronunciation  of  /  or  F  can 
be  found  in  the  English  word  seen. 

Exercise.  —  Omitting  the  final  consonant,  pronounce  in 
monotone  the  English  words:  — 

seen  mean 

green  creep 

dean  leak 

Sixth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the  fol- 
lowing French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound,  /  ordi- 
nary: — 

si,  if  lys  (ly),  lily 

gris  (gri),  gray  petit  (pe-ti),  little 

3 

habi  (a-bi),  coat  ami  {a-mi),  friend 

Form  written  syllables  by  combining  the  vowel-sound 
/  ordinary  with  all  the  consonants:  bi^  ci,  dy^  fy^  jiy  ly^  etc. 

Sing  exercises  employing  every  combination  of  consonant 
with  the  vowel-sound  of  /;  — 

19 


20 


FRENCH  DICTION 


fe^ 


m 


^ 


^ 


si-  ii  -  ty-pi, 
ni-my  -  ri-fi, 
bi-9y,     bi-9y, 


si  -  ii  -  ty-pi, 
ni-my  -  ri-fi, 
bi-9y,      bi-9y, 


si  -  Ii  -  ty-pi, 
ni-my  -  ri  -fi, 
bi-9y      bi-gy. 


si 
ni 
bi. 


^ 


^U^N  ^L  II 


lys  gris,  lys  gris,  lys  gris,  lys  gris,  lys  gris,  lys  gris,  lys 
bi-ni,  bi-ni,  bi-ni,  bi-ni,  bi-ni,  bi-ni,  bi 
vi-ry,     ni-ty,      si  -  ly,      gi-ti,      ri-mi,    dy-vi,       ni 


Write  singing  exercises  alternating  syllables  containing  the 
vowel-sounds  already  learned,  thus:  — 


^ 


ni    le    pe-re,  ni      la    me -re,    ni   le 

3     '^        3  3             3 

la  bas   la  bas  mais  si    vas-te    est  la 

2                2  e                 2                e 

si    sa    sa   se  se     si 


sa   se 
2     3 


sa  sas  sei  sy 

2  e 


pe  -  til 

*^3 

chat 

ter  -  re 
6      a 

gris 

sa  sas 

2 

se 

3 

^ 


^ 


5 


ti-nei-be,  ti-nei-be,  ti-nei-be,    ti-nei-be,  ti-nei-be,  ti 

e3  e3  e3                 e3  e3 

fa-^i  -  le,  fa- ^i  -  le,  fa-^i  -  le.    fa-  9i  -  le,  fa- ^i  -  le,  fa 

o  3  o                             o  o 

pas  I'e-te,  pas  I'e-te,  pasl'e-te,    pasl'e-te,  pas  I'e-te,  pas 

•2        2     2  2        2     2  2       2      2         2        2      2  2        2      2  Z 


0  Ordinary.  —  The  French  vowel-sound  0  ordinary  is  rep- 
resented to  the  eye  by  the  letter  O,  and  in  no  other  way. 
It  will  be  unmarked  in  the  illustrations,  only  the  excep- 
tional sounds  of  a  letter  being  marked.  Its  pronunciation 
can  be  found  in  the  English  word  nor,  when  that  word  is 
pronounced  with  the  lower  jaw  dropped. 


FRENCH  DICTION 


21 


Exercise.  —  Omitting  the  final  consonants  and  dropping 
the  jaw,  pronounce  in  monotone  the  following  words:  — 

corn  morn 

dorn  pawn 

fawn  horn 

Seventh  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound,  0  ordi- 
nary: — 


poll  {po-li)^  polite 
notre  (no-tre),  our 

3 

voire  (vo-tre)^  your 
3 


mode  {mo-de),  fashion 

3 

robe  (ro-be)j  dress 

3 

solide  (sO'li-de),  solid 

3 


Write  syllables  combining  the  vowel-sound  O  ordinary 
with  all  the  consonants:   ho,  co,  do,  po,  to,  etc. 

Sing  exercises  combining  the  vowel-sound  O  ordinary  with 
every  consonant:  — 


^ 


m 


JZ 


t 


—^         ^ ■ ■ — Q. ^y- 

bo-co,  do-fo,  go -JO,  ko-lo,  mo-no,  po-to,  vo 
bro-cro,  dro-fro,  gro-jro,  kro-pro,  tro-vro,  bro-cro,  dro 
blo-clo,    blo-clo,    blo-clo,    blo-clo,   blo-clo,    blo-clo,     bio 


''it  J  j  J 


bro-co-do,  bro  co-do,  bro-co-do,  bro-co-do,  bro 
no-to-vo,  no-to-vo,  no-to-vo,  no  -  to  vo,  no 
ro-so-lo,      ro-so-lo,      ro-so-lo,      ro- so-lo,        ro 

Sing  exercises  alternating  syllables  containing  the  vowel- 
sounds  already  learned,  thus:  — 


22 


FRENCH  DICTION 


m 


*=5 


■Qui?  r^g 


ba 

bas_ 

2 

be 

be_ 

2 

be 

3 

bi_ 

bo 

ba_ 

bo 

CO 

ci 

cas 

2 

ca.. 

ke 

2 

kes_ 

ki 

co_ 

ke 

3 

fi 

fo_ 

fa 

li_ 

fi 

fo_ 

fa 

li_ 

fas 

2. 

O  Exceptional.  —  The  French  vowel  sound  0  exceptional  is 
represented  to  the  eye  in  five  different  ways:  — 

First,  by  0  circumflex  (6) ; 

Second,  by  0  before  the  letter  S  (os) ; 

Third,  by  0  before  the  syllable  tion  {otion) ; 

Fourth,  by  the  combination  aw, 

Fifth,  by  the  combination  eau. 

The  first  three  ways  will  be  numbered  2  (6,  os,  otion)  in  the 

2      2         2 

illustrations,  and  the  fourth  and  fifth  cases  will  be  marked 
with  0  {au,  eau).       The  pronunciation  of  0  exceptional  can 

6         6 

be  found  in  the  English  word  own.  In  its  pronunciation, 
however,  the  lips  should  be  somewhat  drawn  together,  as 
in  the  English  word  who. 

In  pronouncing  the  English  letter  0,  two  positions  of  the 
lips  are  observed,  one  following  the  other.  The  French 
vowel-sound  O  exceptional  is  the  first  of  these  sounds  spoken 
with  the  second  position  of  the  lips. 

Eighth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound,  O  excep- 
tional: — 


dome  (do-me),  dome 

2        3 

beau  {beau)y  beautiful 

d 

vos  {vo),  your 

2 


rose  (rose),  rose 

2     3 

reau  iVeau),  water 

6 

au  iau),  to  the 

6 


V 


FRENCH  DICTION 


23 


i 


Write   syllables   combining   the  vowel-sound    0   exceptional 
with  all  the  consonants:   bo,  c6,  do,  bos,  bau,  beau,  etc. 

2222  6  6 

Sing  exercises  employing  every  combination  of  consonant 
with  the  vowel-sound  of  0  exceptional:  — 


m  j  J  ij 1 J 1 J  i  1 1 J 1  II 

^^     '^    ^ — sU^ r  — --^— «1 — ^^-^ — A— 4 ^L 

bo-bos,  bau-beaiL   co-cos,  cau-ceau,  do-dos,  dau-deau,  go 

226        62     2          6        6          226        6'  ^2 

gf-jos,    ko-go,    jos-ko,    g|.jos,    ko-go,   jos-k6,  n6 

lau-no,  pos-lau,     no-pos,    lau-no,    pos-lau,   no-pos,  lau 

6      2       2        6          2*^2         6       2        2       6         2  *^2  6 


I 


^1-  J  11 J 


i 


^ 


i 


fo-los,     fo-los,    go-nos,    go-nos,     f6-nos,    eo-nos,     f6 

2      2'         2      2^        ^2     2  '      ^2       2  '         22*^22*         2 

beau-leau,  b5- 16,    bos-lau,  beau-leau,    bo-los,  beau-lau,     bo 
6        6         22        2       66        622  6       6  2 

ro-tos,    pho-tos,    no-tos,  plau-to,    bau-to,      to-teau,   tos 

22  22  22  6       2  6      2  2        62 

Make  singing  exercises  alternating  syllables  containing  the 
vowel-sounds  already  learned,  thus:  — 


K=at 


J  U  r  r  1^ 


? 


I 


lo-nau-tas,     16-nau-tas,     l6-nau-tas,      16-nau-tas,  lo 

2       62            2        62            2        622        62  2 

la-  las  -  le,       le  -  le  -  li,       lo  -  los  -  la,       li  -  le  -  las,  lai 

2                    2       3                          2  "                           2       2  e 

tot-que-mei,  tot-que-mei,  bas-bi-bas,     tot-que-mei,  bas 

2^3       62^3        62                2           23        e  2 


E  Mute  in  Speech.  —  In  French  prose,  R  mute  is  often 
not  pronounced  at  all,  or  only  to  assist  the  sounding  of  a 
consonant.  This  is  especially  the  case  with  £  mute  when 
it  ends  a  word  of  two  or  more  syllables. 

French  and  Music.  —  The  kinship  between  French  and 
music  renders  the  explanation  of  K  mute  in  speech  per- 
fectly simple.     In  music  the  time-unit  is  the  beat.     In  a 


L 


24  FRENCH  DICTION 

piece  of  music  all  beats  are  of  the  same  length.  In  French 
the  time-unit  is  the  syllable,  and  in  pronunciation  all  sylla- 
bles are  of  equal  duration. 

The  Tonic  Accent.  —  In  French  the  syllables  of  a  word  or 
phrase  are  spoken  in  monotone  with  the  exception  of  the 
last  syllable,  which  is  spoken  on  a  pitch  either  higher  or 
lower  than  the  monotone.  The  syllable  spoken  on  the  higher 
or  lower  pitch  is  said  to  have  the  tonic  accent. 

Musical  Illustration.  —  The  tonic  accent  may  be  musically 
illustrated  thus :  — 


(^  I  J    I  =ii=  ^''  ^i    J   1 1 


i       -     9i  i       -     fi 

Note.  —  Remember  that  the  consonant  C  is  pronounced 
like  5  before  the  vowels  E,  I  and  F,  and  when  a  cedilla  {c) 
is  placed  under  it. 

First  Special  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  the  following 
French  words  of  two  or  more  syllables,  giving  attention  to 
the  tonic  accent :  — 

poli  {po-li),  polite  tapis  (ta-pi),  carpet 

ici  (i-ci).  here  ami  (a-mi),  friend 

petit  (pe-ti),  little  Canada  (Ca-na-da) 

3 

Pronounce  the  following  French  phrases,  giving  the  tonic 
accent  to  the  last  vowel-sound  of  the  phrase  and  pronounc- 
ing the  other  syllables  in  monotone :  — 

tres  poli  {tre-po-li) 

petit  ami  (pe-ti-ta-mt) 

3 

ici  le  lys  (i-ci-le-ly) 


FRENCH  DICTION  25 

Final  E,  —  When  a  word  of  more  than  one  syllable  ends 
in  E  mute,  that  letter  will  be  called  final  E.  In  prose  and 
French  conversation,  final  E  surrenders  to  the  syllable  before 
it  not  only  its  unit  of  time  but  also  its  tonic  accent.  Exam- 
ple:  The  word  mode  (mo-de)  in  the  Seventh  French  Exercise 

3 

contains  two  syllables,  two  units  of  time,  and  has  the  tonic 

accent  on  the  final  syllable  de.     In  poetry  and  singing  all 

3 

these  values  might  be  given  to  this  word;  but  in  prose  and 
French  conversation  the  first  syllable  mo  receives  two  units  of 

time,  and  to  the  second  syllable  de  is  given  so  short  a  sound 

3 

of  E  mute  that  practically  only  the  consonant  D  is  heard. 

Still,  a  quick  ear  detects  a  soft  and  short  sound  of  E  mute 

after  the  consonant.     From  the  standpoint  of  English  the 

French  word  mode  is  pronounced  as  a  monosyllable  (mod); 

3 

from  the  standpoint  of  French  the  word  mode  has  two  syl- 

3 

lables,  the  first  of  which  is  doubly  long,  and  the  second  of 
which  is  mute. 

Second  Special  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  mono- 
tone, and  in  one  syllable  of  the  duration  of  two  time-units,  the 
following  French  words  of  two  syllables  ending  in  final  E:  — 

robe  (rob),  dress  place  {plac),  place 

sage  (sag) ,  wise  rive  (riv) ,  bank  of  a  river 

livre  (livr),  book  dame  (dam),  lady 

The  further  study  of  E  mute  will  be  reserved  for  Lesson 
Eleven. 


SIXTH   LESSON. 


French  U.  —  In  French,  the  letter  U  has  but  one  pro- 
nunciation. This  vowel-sound  does  not  exist  in  English, 
but  appears  in  German  as  U  with  umlaut  (ti).  Its  pro- 
nunciation may  be  readily  learned  by  carefully  observing  the 
following  rule :  — 

To  pronounce  French  U,  fix  the  mouth  to  whistle  and  say 
E,  as  in  the  English  word  see:  ^o^^ 


ee 


Ninth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the  fol- 
lowing French  words  containing  this  sound :  — 
du,      some  vu,      seen 

tUj       thou  lu,       read 

su,       known  une  (u-ne),  a  or  an 

3 

Form  written  exercises  combining  the  vowel-sound  U  with 
all  the  consonants:  bu,  du,  cu,  gu,  etc. 
Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


te 


j2 


22 


i 


-O- 


bu-  du,  cu  -  fu,  bu  -  (lu,  cu  -  fu,  bu  -  du,  cu  -  fu,  bu 
lu-mu,  nu-lu,  ru-su,  ju-gu,  lu-nu,  pu-bu,  mu 
vu-nu,     su-ju,      vu-mi,     su-ju,      bu-vu,     nu-ju,      su 


^ 


Hr  |i^ 


ItM 


la    las«  le      le    le_  li  lo_  los_  li    lu  16 

2                     2        3                             2  2 

bro  bros  bra    bri    bru  brS  bre_  bru  bre  bri  bras 

2                                       2          3                 2  2 

va    ni_  to     klu  te_  ves  pe_  noSuSi    la  nu 

3  6*^  2 

26 


FRENCH  DICTION  27 

Combinations.  —  We  have  now  learned  the  two  pronun- 
ciations of  the  letter  A  in  French,  the  three  pronunciations 
of  the  letter  E,  the  single  pronunciation  of  the  vowels  /  or 
F,  the  two  pronunciations  of  the  letter  0,  and  the  single 
pronunciation  of  the  letter  U,  To  complete  the  eleven 
vowel-sounds  of  the  French  language,  there  remain  two 
sounds  to  be  learned.  They  are  represented  to  the  eye  by 
the  combinations  ou  and  eu  respectively. 

The  Combination  OU.  —  The  vowels  ou  in  combination 
have  in  French  a  single  pronunciation,  represented  to  the 
eye  in  no  other  way.  In  the  illustrations  this  combination 
will  not  be  marked.  Its  pronunciation  can  be  found  in 
the  English  word  moon. 

Exercise.  —  Omitting  the  final  consonant,  pronounce  in 
monotone  the  following  English  words :  — 

coop  root 

shoot  boot 

noon  group 

Tenth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  ou: — 

cou  (cou) ,  neck  sou  (sou) ,  cent 

fou  (fou),  fool  nous  (nou),  we 

vous  (vou),  you  coupe  (cou-pe),  stroke 

3 

Write  syllables  combining  the  vowel-sound  ou  with  all  the 
consonants:  bou,  cou,  dou,  fou,  gou,  etc. 


I 


28 


FRENCH  DICTION 


Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


1 


za. 


bou-cou,  bou-cou,  bou-cou,  bou-cou,  bou-cou,  bou-cou,  bou 
dou-fou,  jou-lou,  dou-fou.  jou-lou,  dou-fou,  jou-lou,  dou 
nou-pou,    rou-sou,    tou-vou,   nou-pou,  rou-sou,    tou-vou,    nou 


^m 


i 


Ou 

L'hi 

* 

al 
bou, 

lez 

2 

le 

3 

VOUS,    OU 

coup,   le 

al 
fou, 

-  lez 

2 

c'est 

la 

las 

2 

les 

le      lou 

2 

lu 

lo 

m 


vous 

tout. 

li. 


Note.  —  The  star  (*)  marks  a  silent  letter. 

The  Combinations  EU  and  OEU.  —  In  French,  the  com- 
binations eu  and  oeu  have  a  single  pronunciation,  repre- 
sented to  the  eye  in  no  other  way.  This  vowel-sound  does 
not  exist  in  English.  By  speaking  the  English  word  /ir, 
with  the  lips  very  much  puckered  inward,  its  pronunciation 
may  be  approximated. 

Exercise.  —  Fix  the  lips  to  whistle,  then  pucker  them 
inward  and  pronounce  the  following  English  words,  omitting 
the  final  consonant :  — 

her  stir 

sir  slur 

burr  blur 

In  the  illustrations,  the  combinations  eu  and  oeu  will  be  un- 
marked, unless  they  have  an  exceptional  pronunciation. 


FRENCH  DICTION 


29 


Eleventh  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  French  words  containing  the  vowel-sound  eu : — 

peu  {pen),  little  (adverb) 
noeud  (noeu),  cloud 
bleu  (bleu),  blue 

Train  both  eye  and  ear  by  writing  syllables  combining  the 
two  spellings  of  the  vowel-sound  eu  with  all  the  consonants: 
beu,  boeu,  ceu,  coeu,  deu,  etc. 
Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


^ 


-z) c^ — — cr  _ 

beu-peu,    beu-peu,    beu-peu,    beu-peu,    beu-peu,     beu-peu.  beu 

noeu-leu,    noeu-leu,  noeu -leu,   noeu -leu,    noeu-leu,    noeu-leu,  noeu 

ceu-deu,     feu-geu,    jeu-kea     leu-meu,    neu-peu,     teu-veu,  beu 


^m 


^ 


^^ 


^ 


XE 


Di-tes,  di-tes 
3  3 

feu  fou  de  de 
3 

ba  bas  bei  be 
e      2 


majeu-ne  bel-le 

fas  fa    fi    fo  fos 
e  2 

be   bo  bos  bi  bou 
3  2 


on  vou-lez-vous  al  -  lez? 
2  ^*      2 

deu  dou  di  das  dei     do 
3  2       e 

beu  bo  bi  beu  bu     bet 

e 


Table  of  Vowel-Sounds.  —  We  have  now  learned  the  pro- 
nunciation of  the  eleven  primary  vowel-sounds,  together  with 
a  rhyming  word  or  pictorial  device  for  suggesting  the  pro- 
nunciation of  each  sound,  and  have  adopted  a  method  of 
marking  all  exceptional  sounds.     Here  follows :  — 


30 


FRENCH  DICTION 


A  Table  of  the  Eleven  Primary  Vowel-Sounds. 

Name:  — 

I.   A  ordinary 


Represented  to 
the  eye  by:  — 


Marked  in  the 
illustrations:  — 


Suggested 
rhyming  word:  — 

(unmarked)      bat 


2.  A  exceptional 

3.  E  ordinary 

4.  E  exceptional 

5.  E  mute 

6.  I  ordinary 

7.  O  ordinary 

8.  O  exceptional 


d,  a  before  5 
a  before  tion 

aif  ei,  es,  et 


ez 
e 

i,  y 
o 
0,  0  before  s 

o  before  tion 
aUy  eau 

u 


9.    French  U 

10.  The   combina-l 

tion  OV       J 

1 1 .  The   combina-l 

\eu,oeu 
tion  EU       \ 


^,  as,  ation] 

22     2 


j       park 


(unmarked) 
ai,  ei,  es,  et 

^      d      e       6 


e,  er  in  verbs      6,  er,  ez 


2    2 


e 

3 


(unmarked) 
(unmarked) 


6,  OS,  otion 

222 


au,  eau 

6        6 

(unmarked) 
(unmarked) 


met 

gate 

her 

seen 
nor 

own 


moon 


(unmarked)       fir 


Note.  —  Whenever  a  letter  is  pronounced,  that  according 
to  rule  would  seem  to  be  unpronounced,  it  will  be  marked 
in  the  illustrations  thus :  r,  c,  /,  etc. 

The  marking  of  an  exceptional  silent  letter  {effet)  must  not 

*  t 

be  forgotten. 


SEVENTH   LESSON. 

Nasal-Sounds.  —  In  French,  there  are  four  sounds  com- 
monly called  nasal-sounds,  which  are  derived  from  four  of 
the  primary  vowel-sounds  just  learned.  There  is  nothing 
in  English  exactly  corresponding  to  them.  However,  in  the 
pronunciation  of  the  English  consonants  N  and  M  there  is 
a  certain  element  of  nasality,  and  in  such  words  as  thank, 
blank,  drank,  the  vowel-sound  is  tinged  with  the  nasality 
of  the  approaching  N.  A  nasal-sound  may  be  obtained  by 
carefully  following  the  directions  here  given :  — 

Place  the  tip  of  the  tongue  against  the  roof  of  the  mouth, 
directly  above  the  teeth,  as  if  about  to  pronounce  the  word 
no.  In  monotone,  prolong  the  sound  of  N  for  several  sec- 
onds. The  sound  obtained  is  a  nasal-sound,  but  not  a  nasal 
vowel-sound.  To  get  a  nasal  vowel-sound,  prolong  the 
vowel  of  the  syllable  nong,  with  the  nasality  just  used  in 
sounding  the  N.  The  sound  of  O  thus  obtained  is  a  nasal 
vowel-sound.  Note  that  a  French  nasal  vowel-sound  is  a 
sound  spoken  with  the  assistance  of  the  nose.  The  so-called 
nasal  twang  observed  sometimes  in  English-speaking  people 
is  produced  by  an  exactly  opposite  method,  that  is,  by  ob- 
structing the  natural  opening  to  the  nasal  cavities. 

First  Nasal-Sound.  —  The  first  of  the  four  French  nasal 

vowel-sounds  (nasal-sounds)  is  derived  from  the  vowel-sound 

A  ordinary,  by  pronouncing  this  sound  somewhat  through 

31 


32 


FRENCH  DICTION 


the  nose, 
tions :  — 


It  is  represented   to   the  eye  by  the  combina- 


tn 
im 


yn 

ym 


atn 

aim 


etn 
eim 


A  French  nasal-sound,  although  represented  to  the  eye  by 
a  combination  of  letters,  is  always  a  single  sound,  and  no 
trace  of  either  the  letter  M  or  N  must  ever  be  heard  in  the 
pronunciation  of  a  French  nasal-sound.  In  the  illustra- 
tions, the  letter  A,  from  which  the  first  nasal-sound  is  ob- 
tained, will  be  placed  beneath  these  combinations:  — 


tn 

a 

im 

a 


yn 

a 

ym 

a 


am 

a 

aim 

a 


etn 

a 

eim 

a 


Twelfth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  French  words  containing  the  first  nasal-sound :  — 

vin  (vin),  wine  fin  (fin),  end 

a  a 

faim  (faim),  hunger  thym  (thym),  thyme 

a  a 

plein  (plein),  full  pain  (pain),  bread 


Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


5 


3Z 


bin  tin  bin  tin  bin  tin  bin  tin  bin  tin  bin 

aa  aa  aa          aa  aa  a 

dein  pin  dein  pin  dein- pin  dein  pin-,  dein  pin  dein 

a      a  ■   a      a  a      a.         a      a  a      a  a 

bin  cin  din  fin  iin   kin      lin  rain  nin  tin  vin 

a      a  a      a  ^a      .a         a       a  a      a  a 


FRENCH  DICTION 


33 


m 


? 


3 


i 


Plein  de 
a       3 

cha  - 

grin, 

plein 
^  a 

de 

3 

cha    - 

gmi 

l|s     la 

los— 
z 

hi 

'^ 

to 

din 
a 

ton 

fin     de 

ce 

vin 

fin 

de 

ce 

vin 

a        3 

3 

» 

a 

3 

3 

a 

Second  Nasal-Sound.  —  The  second  of  the  four  French 
nasal-sounds  is  derived  from  the  vowel-sound  E  mute,  by 
pronouncing  this  sound  somewhat  through  the  nose.  It  is 
represented  to  the  eye  by  the  combinations :  — 


un 


um 


In  the  illustrations  it  will  be  marked  by  placing  the  letter  e 
beneath  these  combinations :  — 


un 

e 


um 

e 


Thirteenth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone 
the  following  French  words  containing .  the  second  nasal- 
sound  :  — 

un  (un),  a.  or  an  '  lundi  (lun-di),  Monday 


brun  (brun),  brown 


aucun  (au-cun),  any 


humble  (um-ble),  humble     parfum  (par-fum),  perfume 

e         3 


-       e 


The  word  parfum  is  divided  into  syllables  exceptional  to 
the  rule  that  in  French  every  syllable  ends  with  a  vowel- 
sound.  In  this  word  the  first  syllable  ends  with  a  consonant, 
and,  furthermore,  this  consonant  is  pronounced.  Whenever  a 
consonant,  by  exception,  ends  a  syllable  and  is  pronounced, 
it  will  be  marked  in  the  illustrations  thus:  b,  (b),  c,  (c),  etc.  - 


34 


FRENCH  DICTION 


Whenever  a  nasal-sound  is  followed  by  a  vowel,  the  N  or 
M  forms  a  bridge-syllable  with  the  vowel,  and  is  pronounced 
as  in  English  in  the  syllable  thus  formed.  In  such  a  case, 
the  letters  N  or  M  not  only  stand  for  a  nasal-sound  in  one 
syllable,  but  for  a  sounded  consonant  at  the  beginning  of 
the  next  syllable. 

Examples  :  —   • 

un  ami  {un-na-mi,  or  un-a-mi)  =  a  friend 

un  amour  (un-na-mour,  or  un-a-mour)  =  a  love. 
^  e  -ea- 

sing exercises  as  usual :  — 


jBL 


zsi. 


bun-fun.    bun-fun,,    bun-fun,  bun-fUn,    bun-fun,  bun 

ee          ee           ee  ee           ee  e 

dun-tum,  dun-tum,    dun-tum,  dun-tum,   dun-tum,  dun 

e       e          e       e           e       e'  e       e           e       e  e 

bun-cun,    dun-fun,    eun-jun,  kun-lun,    mun-nun,  tun 

e       e'e       e'^e*'e  e       e          e      e  © 


I 


te 


^ 


i 


^ 


lun  -  di, 

mar-di, 

lun  -  di, 
e 

urn  -  ble, 
e          8 

um-ble, 
e         3 

um  -  ble, 

e           3* 

un     a    - 
e  — 

mi     de 

3 

cet  -  te 
%*      3 

jeu-di,  lun  -    di. 

um-ble,  um  -   ble 

e        3*  e  3 

da  -  me  par       lail. 
3  S 


EIGHTH   LESSON. 

Third  Nasal-Sound.  —  The  third  of  the  four  French  nasal- 
sounds  is  derived  from  the  vowel-sound  O  ordinary^  by  pro- 
nouncing this  sound  somewhat  through  the  nose.  It  is  rep- 
resented to  the  eye  by  the  combinations :  — 

an  en 

am  em 

In  the  illustrations  it  will  be  marked  with  the  letter  0  (the 
O  ordinary^  from  which  it  was  derived)  underneath :  — 

an  en 

0  0 

am  em 

0  0 

Fourteenth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone 
the  following  words  containing  the  third  nasal-sound :  — 

dans  {dan),  in,  within  danse  (dan-se),  dance 

0  03 

empire  (em-pi-re) ,  empire       entendre  (en-ten-dre) ,  to  hear 
03  003 

sans  (san),  without  entre  (en-tre),  between 

0  03 

In  pronouncing  the  third  French  nasal-sound,  the  lower  jaw 

ought  to  be  well  dropped. 

35 


36  FRENCH  DICTION 

Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


i 


i 


(fans-ran?,  dans-rang^,  dans-ranj{,  dans-rane^,  dans-rani^,  dans 

o       o           o       o          o        o          o       o  °       o        o  o 

en  -  ven,  en  -  ven,       en-  ven,       en  >  van,      en  -  ven,  en 

o        o          o        o          o        o          o        o          o        o  o 

ben-den,  fan-ean,      jen-ken,      Ian-men,     nen-pan,  tern 

o       o           o^o'o       o          o        o          oo  o 


^^ 


chan-te    sa     plain- te, 
o      3  ^    a      3' 


la      lu-ne 
3 


blan-  che, 

o  3* 


Pa    me  souf  -  f  ran  -  te, 
2        3       *        03' 


chan-te    sa 
o      3 

la 


plain- te, 


lu-ne      blan -che, 
3  03 

I'a.    me  souf  -  fran  -  te, 
2  3         4(  03 


Fourth  Nasal-Sound.  —  The  fourth  and  final  nasal-sound 
in  French  is  derived  from  the  vowel-sound  0  exceptional,  by 
pronouncing  this  sound  somewhat  through  the  nose.  It  is 
represented  to  the  eye  by  the  combinations :  — 


on 


om 


In  the  illustrations  it  will  be  marked  with  the  letter  0  circum- 
flex, this  letter  being  the  first  method  of  representing  the 
pronunciation  of  0  exceptional,  from  which  this  nasal-sound 
is  derived :  — 


on 

6 


om 

6 


In  pronouncing  this  nasal-sound,  the  lips  should  be  almost 
closed,  but  well  protruded. 

Fifteenth  French  Exercise.  —  Pronounce  in  monotone  the 
following  words  containing  the  fourth  nasal-sound:  — 


FRENCH  DICTION 


37 


on  {on),  one,  somebody       ombre  ipm-bre),  shadow 

6  03 


oncle  {on-cle),  uncle 
^      3 

mon  {man),  my 


Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


onde  (on-de),  wave 
^     3 

monde  (mon-de),  world 
0      3 


jZ 


ton- son,  ton- son,  ton- son,  ton- son, 

06          66           66  66 

bon^jon,  bon-jop,  bon-jon,  bon-jon, 

66           60            60  00 

don  -  fon,  gon  -  jon,  kon  -  Ion,  mon  -  to/i, 


3X1 


ton 

6 
bon 

6 
son 

6 


i 


f 


zon. 
6 


Bqn  -  jour     Su  -  zqn,     bon  -  jour      Su 

fe        gar  <•  yqn      ne      com  -  pren  -  dra     pas. 

Chan  -  tez,      ^i    -    ez,  .  Chan  -  tez,      ri    -    ez. 
B        2  2  62'  2 


Successions  of  Vowel-Sounds.  —  In  French,  the  eleven 
primary  vowel-sounds  and  the  four  derived  nasal  vowel- 
sounds  serve  as  the  phonetic  basis  of  French  diction  in  both 
singing  and  speaking.  In  the  study  of  syllables  we  learned 
that,  in  theory  at  least,  every  syllable  ends  with  a  vowel- 
sound  and  begins  with  a  consonant.  Generally  speaking, 
then,  every  vowel  has  a  consonant  preceding  it  and  form- 
ing a  syllable  in  combination  with  it. 

It  being  the  province  of  this  book  to  teach  the  elements  of 
French  diction  in  speaking  as  well  as  singing,  we  have  learned 
to  note  the  kinship  between  music  and  spoken  French.     It 


38  FRENCH  DICTION 

has  been  pointed  out  that  the  unit  of  music  is  the  beat,  all 
beats  in  a  given  composition  being  of  equal  length.  It  has 
been  shown  that  the  unit  of  French  pronunciation  is  the 
syllable,  and  that  all  syllables  are  of  equal  length.  We 
have  learned  that  the  last  syllable  of  a  word  or  phrase  has 


— :^~z  J  or  J       =|: 

the  tonic  accent,    ■"•  ^J^ 


an  upward 
»      -     91  i     -    9! 

or  downward  inflection  from  the  monotone  on  which  a  word 
or  phrase  is  spoken. 

We  have  considered  final  syllables  ending  in  E  mute,  and 
found  that  they  surrendered,  in  ordinary  French  speech, 
their  unit  of  time  and  also  their  inherent  tonic  accent  to  the 
syllable  preceding  them. 

I  J  N  I 


la-  ^i     -     le  becoming'      fa     -     9U,    etc. 

To  understand  the  treatment  of  vowel-successions,  a 
knowledge  of  at  least  this  much  of  French  diction  for  speak- 
ing is  necessary.  In  studying  the  eleven  primary  vowel- 
sounds,  we  found  several  vowel-combinations  standing  for 
a  single  vowel-sound:   ai,  ei,  (E  ordinary);  au,  eau,  (0  ex- 

i        i  do 

ceptional);  ou;  eu,  oeu,  ain,  aim,  ein,  eim,  etc.  (nasal-sounds). 

a         a         a         a 

The  foregoing  vowel-combinations  are  not  vowel-successions, 

properly  so  called.     A  vowel-succession  always  contains  two 

vowel-sounds:  oui  (ou-i);  ui  (u-i);  ie  (i-e);  ier  (i-er), 

3  2 

The  Yod.  —  In  a  vowel-succession  the  second  vowel-sound 
has  no  written  consonant  immediately  preceding  it.     Never- 


FRENCH  DICTION 


39 


theless,  an  unwritten  consonant,  either  W  or  F,  is  always 
sounded  in  every  vowel-succession:  oui  becoming  ou-wi 
(out),  ui,  u-wi  (ui),  ie,  i-ye  (ie),  ier,  i-yer  (ier).     This  un- 

w  w  3      yj  2         yz 

written  consonant  is  called  a  yod,  and  will  be  indicated  in  the 
illustrations  as  above. 

A  vowel-succession,  although  containing  in  its  two  vowel- 
sounds  the  root  of  two  syllables,  is  never  given  two  time- 
units  in  speaking,  the  time-unit  being  given  to  the  second 
vowel-sound,  the  first  one  being  short  like  a  grace-note  in 
music :  — 


I 


^ 


w 


V 


In  singing  a  vowel-succession,  the  second  vowel-sound  gets 
the  time  value  of  the  note  in  the  vocal  score :  — 


ts  sung 


•'a 


SUIS 


OCi, 


•'a 


suls 
w 


Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


i 


m 


—o ^ 

oui  fui, 

suit  nuit. 


i 


i 


OUI 
w 


fui, 


Oui 
w 


fui, 
w' 


OUI 

w 


fui, 
w' 


suit  nuit, 
bie    die,       fie    gie, 


suit  nuit, 
kie    lie, 

v3        wo 


suit  nuit, 
mie  nie , 

y3        yO 


OUI 
W 

suit 
w 

ne 


^m 


5 


-  dieu  Ma-rie,    a 

El   -    le    suit  son  che 
*         3      w       6        3 

Ma      vie    a     son    se 
♦  o       3 


dieu    a- dieu,  Ma  -     rie. 
y           y  * 

min  suit  son  che  -    mia 
a     w       o         3  a 

cret,  ie    suis  Su  -    zon. 


NINTH   LESSON. 

The  Succession  01.  —  In  French,  the  succession  oi  con- 
sists apparently  of  the  two  vowel-sounds,  0  ordinary  and  I 
ordinary;  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  combination  oi  is  pro- 
nounced O  exceptional  and  A  ordinary  {oi).     The  combina- 

2a 

w 

tion  oi  occurs  very  often  in  French  and  its  pronunciation 
should  be  thoroughly  impressed  upon  the  memory.  In  the 
illustrations,  the  pronunciation  of  01  ordinary  will  be  marked 
with  the  sign  of  the  yod  only,  thus:  moi,  toi,  loi,  soi,  etc. 

W         W  IV  w 

01  Exceptional.  —  In  French,  there  are  several  words  in 
which  the  succession  oi  has  the  exceptional  pronunciation, 
O  exceptional,  A  exceptional  (da) :  — 


22 
W 


hois  (boa),  wood  trois  (troa),  three 

2  2  2  2 

W  W 

mois  (moa),  month    pois  (poa),  pear 

22  22 

W  W 

noix  (noa),  nut  poids  (poa),  weight 

22  22 

W  W 

In  the  illustrations  the  pronunciation  of  01  exceptional  will 
be  marked  without  the  sign  of  the  yod,  thus:  hois,  mois,  noix, 

2d  2d  2d 

trois,  pois  and  poids, 

2d  2d  2d 

The  Succession  OIN.  —  In  French,  the  combination  oin 

consists  apparently  of  the  vowel-sound  O  ordinary  and  the 

40 


FRENCH  DICTION 


41 


nasal-sound  in;  but  in  its  actual  pronunciation,  O  ordinary 
becomes  0  exceptional  and  the  nasal-sound  in  remains  un- 
changed. Its  pronunciation  will  be  marked  in  the  illustra- 
tions without  the  sign  of  the  yod,  thus:   oin. 


2  a 


coin  {coin),  corner  loin  {loin),  far  off 


2  a 


2  a 


pointe  {pointe),  point     mains  {mains),  less 
3 


2  a 


2  a 


Note.  —  The  successions  oi  ordinary  and  oin  occur  so  often 
in  French  that  it  is  advisable  to  memorize  their  pronuncia- 
tions so  thoroughly  that  even  when  unmarked  their  pronun- 
ciations will  be  immediately  suggested. 

Sing  exercises  as  usual :  — 


I 


s 


-o- 


-o- 


33: 


31: 


toi 
w 

bois 
2a 

coin 
2a 


loi 
w 

toi 
w 

trois 
2a 


SOI 

w 

bois 

2a 

loi 
w 


moi 
w 

toi 
w 

coin 
2a 


voi 
w 

Ibois 

2a 

trois 
2  a 


moi 
w 

toi 
w 

loi 
w 


m 


J==^ 


Dans  les  bois 

o  e        2a 

cet„es_poir 

e        e         w- 

loin    d'i  -  ci 
2a  » 


a  -  mou  reux  Myr 
cet     es  -  poir  joi 

e"     '  e~       w-      W 

dans  les  bois  pro 

O  e        2a 


o 

til 

yeux 

fonds 
o  ♦ 


The  Consonant  Y.  —  In  French,  the  consonant  Y  has  the 
same  pronunciation  that  it  has  in  English ;  but  it  has  the  pe- 
culiar property  of  adding  to  the  preceding  syllable  the  letter 
/.     Thus  the  French  word  crayon,  is  pronounced  as  if  written, 

craiyon,  {crai-yon). 
t     2 


42  FRENCH  DICTION 

Sixteenth   French    Exercise.  —  Pronounce  the  following 
words  containing  the  French  consonant  Y:  — 

crayon  {crayon^  crai-yon),  pencil     royal  (roi-yal),  royal 

•  i   2  e      2  i  w 

voyage  (voyage,  voi-ya-ge),  voyage  joyeux  (joi-yeu),  joyous 

i        3      w  J  i  w 

incroyable  (incroyable,  in-croi-ya-ble) ,  incredible 

a         i  J    a  w  J 

flamhoyante  (flamboyantej  flam-hoi-yen-te) ,  flaming 

0        10    3         0        w        0      3 

Note.  —  Observe  the  marking  of  the  above  illustrations. 


TENTH  LESSON. 

Liquid  L.  —  In  French,  double  L  {II)  is  liquid  and  has  the 
pronunciation  of  Y  as  in  English:  fille,  (fi-ye). 

3 

Double  L  is  always  liquid  when  preceded  by  the  vowel  /;  — 
JUle  (fi-ye)  y  daughter    famille  (fa-mi-ye),  family 

i  3 

billet  (bi-ye),  ticket 

In  the  illustrations  it  will  be  marked  with  a  Y  underneath 

the  double  L:  — 

fille,  billet,  etc. 

y3  y  ^ 

L  is  liquid  in  the  successions :  — 

ail  eil  euil 

In  the  successions  ail  and  aille  the  A  is  pronounced  A  ex- 
ceptional, the  I  is  silent,  and  the  L  or  double  L  is  liquid :  — 

travail  {travail,  tra-va-ye),  work,  travail 

2ye  23  2  y 

mSdaille  {medaille,  me-da-ye),  medal,  medaille 

2    2  y  3        2     2      3  2   2  y3 

Note.  —  In  its  pronunciation,  liquid  L  is  obliged  to  have 
the  assistance  of  E  mute,  even  when  no  E  occurs  in  the  word 
after  the  liquid  L. 

In  the  successions  eil  and  eille,  ei  retains  its  usual  pro- 
nunciation of  E  ordinary,  and  the  L  or  double  L  is  liquid :  — 

43  • 


44  FRENCH  DICTION 

soleil  {soleil,  so-lei-ye),  sun,  soleil 

tye  i      3  ty 

bouteille  {bouteille,  bou-tei-ye),  bottle,  bouteille 

^  y3  e     3  i  y3 

In  the  successions  euil  and  euille  the  eu  is  pronounced,  the 
/  is  silent,  and  the  L  or  double  L  is  liquid :  — 

fauteuil  (fauteuil,  fau-teu-ye) ,  arm-chair,  fauteuil 

6        *ye        03  y 

3 

f euille  ( f euille,  feu-ye)y  leai ,  f euille 
*y3  3  y3 

The  Succession  lEN,  —  In  the  succession  ien  the  pronun- 
ciation of  the  nasal-sound  en,  {en)  becomes  that  of  the  nasal- 

0 

sound  in,  {in),  and  the  succession  ^'ew  is  therefore  pronounced 

a 

iin,  {iin) :  — 

ya 

bien  {bien),  well  chien  {chien),  dog 

ya  ya 

rien  {rien),  nothing  tien  {tien),  thine 

ya  '  ya 

Note.  —  Always  pronounce  a  vowel-succession  in  one  syl- 
lable. 

Doubled   Consonants  {continued) .  —  Doubled   consonants 

change  the  pronunciation  of  E  mute  {e)  to  that  of  E  ordinary, 

3 

whenever  these  doubled  consonants  follow  the  letter  E:  — 
parisienne  {parisienne) ,  Parisian,  parisienne 

e*    3  *   3 

chretienne  {chretienne) ,  Christian,  chretienne 

2    e*    3  2*3 

ancienne  {ancienne),  ancient,  ancienne 

0        e*    3  0*3 

Note.  —  As  the  letter  E  is  always  pronounced  E  ordinary 
before  doubled  consonants,  it  will  not  be  marked  in  the  illus- 
trations. 


FRENCH  DICTION  45 

Final  Consonants. — When  studying  the  rule  for  the  division 
of  French  words  into  syllables,  we  learned  that  every  syl- 
lable ends  with  a  vowel-sound.  From  time  to  time  excep- 
tions to  this  rule  have  been  noted.  In  the  combinations  ec, 
ef,  el,  er  (when  not  the  termination  of  a  verb),  ep,  es  (when 
followed  by  one  or  more  consonants),  and  ex,  the  final 
consonant  is  almost  always  pronounced,  and  the  letter  E  is 
pronounced  E  ordinary  instead  of  E  mute;  and  furthermore, 
all  of  these  combinations  are  freely  used  as  the  ending  of 
syllables :  — 

avec  (a-vec),  with  href  {bref),  brief 

del  (ci-el),  sky  esprit  (es-pri),  spirit 

reception  (re-cep-sion) ,  reception 
3     -     yd 

Note.  —  E  mute  before  a  consonant  sounded  at  the  end  of 
a  syllable  always  has  the  pronunciation  E  ordinary  and  will 
not  be  marked  in  the  illustrations. 

The  Vowels  A  and  O  {continued).  —  In  studying  the  pro- 
nunciation of  A  exceptional  and  0  exceptional,  no  illustrations 
were  given  of  these  pronunciations  when  indicated  by  A 
circumflex,  0  circumflex,  A  before  -tion,  and  0  before  -tion:  — 

dme  (dme,  d-me),  soul 
2323 

dter  (oter,  6-ter),  to  remove 
22     22 

nation  {nation,  na-sion),  nation 

2     o         26 

Idtion  {lotion,  lo-sion),  lotion 
262       d 


46  FRENCH  DICTION 

The  Yod  {continued).  —  In  certain  French  words  ending 
in  eur  and  oeur,  there  is  a  sHght  sound  of  Y  between  the 
vowel-sound  and  the  R:  — 

chceur  (chosur),  choir 

y- 

fleur  {fleur),  flower 
y- 

auteur  (auteur),  author 
y- 

Liquid  GN.  —  The  succession  of  consonants  gn  is  pro- 
nounced by  most  authorities  like  the  consonants  ny  in  suc- 
cession :  — 

agneau  (agneau),  lamb 

ny   d 

haigner  (baigner),  to  bathe 

iny2 

The  Termmation  ^/  in  Verbs.  —  The  termination  at  in 
verbs  is  always  pronounced  E  exceptional  {e):  — 

fai  (fai),  I  have 

i 

serai  (serai),  will  be 
3  ^ 

aurai  {aurai),  shall  have 

The  Conjunction  ET.  —  The  conjunction  et  (and)  is 
always  pronounced  E  exceptional  (e) ,  and  the  final  T  of  this 

2 

word  never  forms  a  bridge-syllable  when  followed  by  a  vowel. 
Bridge-Syllables  {concluded).  —  In  prose,  and  very  often 
in  French  poetry,  the  consonant  preceding  E  mute  {E  final) 
forms  a  bridge-syllable  with  the  following  word  when  that 
word  begins  with  a  vowel.     In  this  case  the  E  mute  is  abso- 


FRENCH  DICTION  47 

lutely  unsounded,  and  unmarked  in  the  illustrations,  the  tie 
extending  from  the  consonant  past  the  final  E  over  to  the 
initial  vowel  of  the  following  word :  — 

une  orange  {une  orange),  an  orange 

voyage  en  Italie  {voyage  en  Italie) ,  tour  in  Italy 


ELEVENTH  LESSON. 
CONVERSATIONAL  FRENCH. 

E  Mute,  —  continued.  In  French  conversation,  the  subject 
of  E  mute  requires  special  study.  We  have  already  learned 
that  when  E  mute  is  final,  at  the  end  of  a  word  of  two  sylla- 
bles or  more,  it  gives  up  its  unit  of  time  as  the  vowel  of  a 
syllable  to  the  syllable  preceding  it.  We  have  also  learned 
that  such  a  final  E,  shorn  of  its  time  unit,  and  often  of  the 
tonic  accent  which  would  be  its  right  at  the  end  of  a  phrase, 
yet  retains  its  just  phonetic  vowel-sound,  very  much  short- 
ened, to  be  sure,  in  connection  with  the  consonant  sounding 
next  before  it. 

From  this  principle  we  evolve  the  First  Rule:  E  mute  is 
practically  unpronounced  at  the  end  of  words  of  two  or  more 
syllables.  This  rule  has  one  exception:  Whenever  E  mute 
stands  between  three  sounded  consonants,  it  invariably  re- 
tains its  unit  of  time  and  therefore  its  complete  phonetic 
sound. 

Examples.  — 

votre  pere  (vo-tre-per) ,  your  father 

3 

notre  frere  (no-tre-frer) ,  our  brother 

3 

In  prose  and  French  conversation,  E  mute  often  surrenders 

its  unit  of  time  when  it  stands  between  two  sounded  con- 

48 


FRENCH  DICTION  49 

sonants,  but  not  when  it  stands  between  three  sounded  con- 
sonants. 

Even  in  France  there  is  considerable  difference  in  usage  in 
the  treatment  of  E  mute.  It  may  be  stated  as  a  general 
rule  that  it  is  better  to  give  time-units  to  too  many  E  mutes 
rather  than  too  few.  In  marking  French  diction  from  dic- 
tation, our  system  covers  all  points.  Unpronounced  E  mute 
would  simply  be  marked  with  a  star  instead  of  with  a -J.*  — 
Je  ne  puis  {je  ne  puis),  I  can  not 

3      *       w 

appartement  (appartement) ,  apartment 
*     -30 

Conversation  L 

AT  TABLE. 
Je  suis  charme  de  vous  voir! 

3         W  -         2         *  W- 

Je  vous  remercie  infiniment. 

3  3        -     *    a  o 

Mettons  nous  a  table. 

A  votre  service. 
3     -      * 

J'espere  que  vous  avez  faim? 

-         *         3  --      2         a 

J'ai  toujours  bon  appetit. 

e  -         6  ■^*      2     - 

Voulez-vous  de  la  soupe? 

2  3  * 


Oui,  Madame. 

w  * 

N 'avez- vous  pas  soif? 


w- 


J'ai  bien  soif. 

€      ya        w- 


so  FRENCH  DICTION 

Que  voulez-vous  boire? 

3  2  w   * 

Du  vin  rouge,  s'il  vous  plait. 

a  *  g 

Monsieur,  je  bois  a  votre  sant6! 

e*        y-3w^  302 

Je  suis  enchante,  Madame ! 

3      w  "^o         02  * 

Que  vous  servirai-je? 

3  -        e      *  • 

Je  vous  demanderai  un  peu  de  boeuf. 

3  *03ee  *  - 

Servez-vous,  s'il  vous  plait.     Prenez-vous  du  the  ou  du 

-  2  632  2 

cafe? 
2 

Je  prefere  le  cafe. 

32*3       2 


Conversation  II. 

THE  WEATHER. 

Entrez,  Mademoiselle!  Quel  temps  fait-il  aujourd'  hui? 

02  *^v**  -o  e'^^-'d  -^-'w 

II  fait  fort  mauvais  temps;  il  pleut. 

-     e  -  6       e         o  - 

Quel  dommage!  Mais  il  fait  bien  doux. 

-         *  *  e      -     e         ya 

Sans  doute,  mais  il  fait  aussi  bien  du  vent. 

o  *  e-d'~-'6*         ya  o 

Eclaire-t-il  encore? 

2       6    *         "^o  * 

Non,  il  a  eclaire  toute  la  nuit,  mais  maintenant  le  ciel 

6^262  *  w  6  a*03y- 

commence  k  s'eclaircir. 

*        o    ^-^         2       6-    - 


FRENCH  DICTION  51 


Croyez-vous  que  bient5t  il  fasse  beau  temps? 

i    2  3      ya      2  ^-    2  *  *        6  o 

Mais,  oui! 

6  w 

Allons  nous  promener. 

*    6  *    2 

Volontiers. 

6      y- 

Fait-il  de  la  boue? 

6^-    3  * 

Pas  du  tout. 

2 

Par  ou  irons-nous? 
^  6 

Allons  au  pare. 
Je  ne  crois  pas  qu'il  pleuve  davantage. 

33W2  -  *  o* 

Le  temps  comme  il  est  variable ! 

30  *     ^y  ^t  y      * 


Conversation  III. 

THE  FRENCH  LESSON. 

Parlez-vous  francais? 

_  2  o    '   ^ 

Je  Tentends  un  peu,  mais  je  ne  le  parle  pas. 

300^^6  ^3*3  -*2 

Qu'est-ce  que  cela? 

^s^*  3      3 

C'est  un  livre. 
Comment  appelez-vous  ca? 

*        o     '-'*     h  2  ' 

On  appelle  cela  un  crayon. 

o'^*       **3        e  id 


52  FRENCH  DICTION 

Comment  dit-on  language  en  francais? 

*  o  6  o  o   '    e 

Je  ne  sais  pas. 

3      *      e         2 

On  dit  langue.     Aimez-vous  la  langue  francaise? 

6  o*  62  o*o'e* 

Je  I'aime  beaucoup. 

3        6*6 

Traduisez  cela. 

W      2  3 

Je  ne  puis,  c'est  trop  difficile. 

3      3       w  6  * 

Commencez  a  lire  page  vingt-deux.     Lisez-le  encore  une 

*  o      2  ^-^  *  *       a      -  230        ^ — "      * 

fois. 

2k 

Je  vous  donne  trop  de  peine ! 

3  *      *  3  6      * 

Le  comprenez-vous  main  tenant? 

3632  a      *     o 

Tout  a  fait. 

Conversation  IV. 

TRAVEL  BY  RAIL. 


Faites  chercher  un  taxi. 

^      *  -26 

A  I'instant,  madame. 

a        o  * 

Cocher,  conduisez  moi  au  chemin  de  fer. 

2  6w2  w6  *a3- 

Oui,  madame,  au  gare  du  nord? 

w  *      6  *  — 

A  quelle  heure  le  train  part-il  pour  B.? 

A  dix  heures  et  demi. 
^^      *    €     s 


FRENCH  DICTION  53 

Un  billet  de  premiere  classe  pour  B.,  s'il  vous  plait.     Com- 

e*y  6337*2**  -  6  6 


bien? 

ya 


Quinze  francs. 

a     *       o   - 

Ou  est  la  salle  d'attente  de  premiere  classe? 

e  **  *o*3        3y*2** 

Au  bout  de  ce  corridor. 

6  3      3        *  - 

Faites  inscrire  ces  colis  pour  B.,  et  apportez  m'en  tout  a 


-     2 

I'heure  le  recu. 

*   3,    i' 

Bien,  madame. 

ya 

Est-ce  la  le  train  pour  B.? 

e         *  3  a 

Non,  madame;  voila  le  train  pour  B. 

6  *         w         3         a  — 

Ouvrez  moi  cette  voiture. 

2  W  *    *         w  * 

Cette  voiture  est  complete. 
Cherchez  moi  une  place  dans  les  compartiments  reserves 

-2  w  *  *o  eo-o  2-2 

pour  dames  seules. 

-  *  * 

Tout-de-suite. 

*       w    * 

Facteur,  voici  le  pour  boire. 

-      y-        w        3  -       w    ♦ 


Merci,  madame. 
-  * 


54  FRENCH  DICTION 

Conversation  V. 

THE  CONCERT. 

Ce  concert  a-t-il  lieu  au  benefice  d'une  oeuvre  de  bien- 

36-  -y         6  22*  >v — ^  3       3      ya 

faisance? 

Oui,  pour  les  orphelins  de  St.  Xavier. 

w  -     6^  -       *  a  3  ya 

Ou  aura-t-il  lieu? 

6  -    y 

A  la  salle  Mozart. 

*  *       2     — 

Ou  trouve-t-on  des  billets? 

*  ^^6  e        *y2 

Chez  Choudins. 

2  a 

Qui  est  Torganisateur  du  concert? 
6        -  y-  6      - 

C'est  madame  la  duchesse  de  V. 

e  *  *  *      3 

Qui  sont  les  artistes  executants? 

6  ^      -        *       e   2  o 

Madame  Q.,  Madamoiselle  B.  et  Monsieur  B. 

*  w**  6  e*y  — 

A-t-il  lieu  publiquement  ou  bien  a  huis  clos? 

-y  *o  ya^~'w2* 

A  huis  clos  et  bien  chic. 

w  2*  2        ya  - 

Madame  Q.  a-t-elle  une  voix  de  contralto? 

*  *^.^  *  W  36  ~     2 

Oui,  une  voix  de  contralto  d'une  quality  charmante. 

w  *vv36-2  *  2  -o* 

Et  Madamoiselle  B.  joue-t-elle  bien  du  violin? 

€  w**  **ya  a 

Mais  oui!  elle  a  gagne  le  premier  prix  au  conservatoire. 

^         w       *-— '  ny2     33     y2  66-         w* 


FRENCH  DICTION  $5 


Avez-vous  vu  le  programme? 

2  3  *         * 

Oui,  et  c'est  bien  choisi. 

w      6         6         ya  w 

Tant  mieux.     Au  revoir. 

o  y  63     w- 


CONVERSATION    VI . 

A  DIALOGUE. 

(After  Baedekers  Manual  of  Conversation,) 

Bonjour,  monsieur. 

6  -        e  *    y     - 

Je  vous  salue,  monsieur. 

3  *        e*    y     - 

Comment  vous  portez-vous? 

*  O  -    2 

Fort  bien,  je  vous  remercie. 

-        ya        3  3        -     * 

Je  suis  bien  aise  de  vous  voir  avec  cette  bonne  mine. 

3      w         ya^-'e  3  w  -        **         *     *  * 

Je  me  porte  a  merveille,  Dieu  merci. 

33         -"^  -6y*  y 

Je  demandais  precisement  ce  matin  de  vos  nouvelles  k 

3*06  220  3  a32  ** 

monsieur  C. 

e*    y    - 

Je  vous  remercie  de  votre  attention. 

3  *       -     *      3  ^— ^   *    o     yd 


Comment  se  porte  madame  votre  epouse? 


-  * 


Depuis  quelques  jours  elle  ne  se  porte  trop  bien. 

3W.-3  -**33        -*2  ya 

J 'en  suis  bien  f^ch6. 

o       w        ya  2 

Cependant  cela  va  mieux  aujourdhui. 

*oo3  y  6-*w 


56  FRENCH  DICTION 

A  la  bonne  heure.     Et  comment  se  portent  vos  enfants? 

* '       *  e  *        o         3         -  *  2 '-' o      o 

Grace  a  Dieu,  ils  jouissent  tous  d'une  parfaite  sante. 

2  ^-^  y  w**  —  *—     e*02 

Faites-moi  le  plaisir  de  saluer  de  ma  part  madame  votre 

63W3^-3W2        3  -  *  * 

m^re. 

Je  m'en  acquitterai  avec  grand  plaisir. 

3  o~^  **e  -o  e- 

Votre  serviteur,  monsieur;  au  revoir. 

*       -  y-         e*     y     -        6       3     w- 

Je  vous  prie  de  faire  mes  compliments  a  toute  votre 

3  *36*e6  o  *3 

ch^re  famille. 

*  73 

Te  nV  manquerai  pas.     Adieu,  mon  cher  ami. 

30*62  6        --        y 


TWELFTH  LESSON. 

French  Prose.  —  The  reading  aloud  of  French  prose  may 
now  be  undertaken  without  the  addition  of  any  new  rules; 
but  the  subject  of  E  mute  must  receive  most  careful  attention. 
It  would  also  be  well  to  restudy  all  that  has  been  learned 
concerning  the  tonic  accent. 

In  further  preparation  for  the  reading  aloud  of  French 
prose,  attention  may  be  called  to  the  portion  of  the  phrase 
hitherto  read  in  strict  monotone.  Under  the  stress  of  emotion 
the  ''  monotone  "  takes  on  new  life  and  its  pitch  often  varies 
in  a  limited  degree. 

The  tonic  accent  also,  influenced  by  emotion,  takes  on  a 
certain  elasticity  and  the  voice  may  for  the  instant  forsake 
its  customary  rise  of  a  fourth  or  fall  of  a  fifth  and  progress  to 
a  greater  interval.  The  tonic  accent  may  even  seem  to  be 
ornamented  with  a  varying  intonation,  not  unlike  the  long 
slurred  grace  notes  employed  in  music. 

Prose  Selection  I. 

Extract  from  THE   HERITAGE  by  Topffer. 

_*  _ 

L'ennui  est  mon  mal,  lecteur.     Je  m'ennuie  partout,  chez 

owe  6  -        -     y-  3  o       w  *        -  2 

moi,  dehors;   a  table,  des  que  je  n'ai  plus  faim;   au  bal,  d^s 

W3*-  *  3*e  ao- 

que   je   suis   dans   la   salle.     Nulle   chose   ne   s'empare   de 

33W  o  **  **  2*3  o  *3 

57 


58  FRENCH  DICTION 

mon  esprit,  de  mon  coeur,  de  mes  goQts,  et  rien  ne  me  parait 

6^-  36  y-3e  eya       33  ^ 

long  comme  les  journees. 

6  *       *     ^     •'       _    2* 

Je  suis  pourtant  de  ceux  qu'on  appelle  les  heureux  de  ce 

3      w  -     o         '>— ^    *  6  ^^  *       *  *       ^— ^  3      3 

monde.     Ma  carriere,  a  moi,  c*est  de  vivre  de  mes  rentes, 

6*  *y*  w  ^3  33eo* 

c'est  d'aller  k  cheval,  c*est  de  me  marier  et  d'h6riter.     Sans 
6  *2  3-^33  26  22  O 

que  je  prenne  la  peine  d'apprendre  rien,  j'aurai  tout  cela  et 

33  **  e*  *03ya  6     6  *       6 

le  reste  aussi, 

3        -  ^^  6  * 

Qu'est-ce? 

Le  journal. 

3       -     - 

Donne,  c'est  bon.     Void  de  quoi  me  r6cr6er  quelques  in- 

*    *         6  6  w  W3222  ~3  "^a- 

stants. 

o 

Je  cherche  aux  nouvelles,  j 'en tends  aux  nouvelles  de  ville; 

3  —  "^~— '  6  **  oo'^^d  — *         3       *  * 

car  celles  de  I'Espagne  me  touchent  peu,  celles  de  Belgique 

-**3  -ny33  *  *  *        3  -  * 

m*assomment.     Allons!  point  de  suicide  .  .  .  point  d'accident 

***  *6  2a  3W*.         2a  *        o 

sinistre. 
-    * 

Qu'est-ce  encore? 

^        ^^o  * 

Monsieur  Retor. 

e*    y    -       3     - 

Dis  done  que  je  n'y  suis  pas. 

6  3     3  w        2 

C'est  que...  le  voici. 

*  3         3      w 


FRENCH  DICTION  59 

Monsieur  Re  tor,  je  suis  trop  occupe  pour  vous  recevoir. 

6*        y~        3~3W  2^^*  2  —  3*     w- 

Deux  minutes  seulement... 

*  *  o 

Je  n'en  ai  pas  une  a  perdre. 

C'etait  pour  vous  soumettre  ce  tableau  chronologique  de 

26-  *     *      3  *3 

I'histoire  universelle  des  peuples... 

(Le  diable  Temporte,  lui  et  son  tableau  universel   des 

3  30-*we6  6  --e 

peuples!)     Eh  bien,  quoi? 

=>•  6        ya  w 

Je  vous  fais  observer,  monsieur,  qu'aucun  tableau  du 

3  e  ^— ^  --2  e*y-  6e  6 

meme  genre  n'a  encore  atteint  a  la  moitie  de  la  perfection  de 

*       o     *  o         '^-^  *a^-'  wy2     3  --6        3 

celui-ci. 

3    w 

C*est  tres  beau,  mais  je  ne  m'occupe  plus  d'histoire. 
Monsieur  veut-il  permettre  que  je  lui  remette  deux  exem- 

e*       y-  '^~        -        *     *         33W  **  "^-o 

plaires? 

e    * 

Rien,  monsieur  Retor. 

ya  e*       y-       3      - 

Ici  il  y  a  un  long  moment  de  silence,  pendant  que  je  le 

^^  e        6  030*00  3     3* 

regarde,  tres  impatient  de  le  saluer  cordialement. 

3      -**  '-'a  yo  33         W2         -  *o 

Monsieur  n'aurait  point  occasion... 

e*y-         6^  wa^*26 

Non. 

6 

D'acheter  une  encyclop6die... 

*     2  ^-^O  2         * 

Non. 

6 


6o  FRENCH  DICTION 

Trente  volumes  in-folio... 

o     *  *N^.a  y 

Non  plus. 

6 

Avec  des  planches... 

-       e  o        * 

Rien. 

ya 

Et  table  des  matieres... 

e  3        ^  y    * 

Eh  non!  non! 

6  6  6 

Alors,  monsieur,  j'ai  I'honneur  de...  Monsieur  m'oblige- 

-  e*        y-         e        *     *       y-      3  e*        y-  3 

rait  pourtant  beaucoup  de  prendre  un  seul  de  ces  tableaux.  * 

d  -06  *         o     ^ ^e  -     3      6  6 

Comment!  ce  n'est  pas  fini? 

*        o  362 

Je  suis  pere  de  famille. 

3      w  *      3  y* 

Intolerable! 

a         2  * 

Sept  enfants... 

*  "-^o      o 

Je  n*y  peux  rien. 

3  ya 

Et  pour  cinq  francs  au  lieu  de  dix. 

€  -a  o6y3- 

Voila  cinq  francs,  et  laissez-moi. 

w  a  06        6*   2  w 

Je  ferme  rudement  la  porte  sur  lui,  et  je  reviens  m'asseoir. 

3-*  *o  -*-w633ya  *      w- 

La  colere  me  prend,  me  monte,  me  transporte...  Au  feu  le 
♦       30  36*30--*  6  3 

tableau ! 

6 


FRENCH  DICTION  6l 


Prose  Selection  II. 

Extract  from  MONSIEUR  LECOQ,  hy  Gaboriau. 
e  *       y  -      3       -  yo 

Alors  sortit  des  rangs  et  s'avanca  un  des  complices,  vetu 

--  eo^^6  o  ee6  ** 

comme  les  paysans  des  environs  de  Sairmeuse... 

*  *     e  i       o  e.^o  6  36-  * 

Marie- Anne!...  s'ecrierent    en   meme    temps    I'abbe   et   le 

*       *     ♦  2      y  ^— -^  o  *        o  *     2     6       3 

baron  stupefaits... 

6  2d 

Oui,   moi!...  repondit   la  jeune  fille,  en  retirant   le   large 

WW  26  *y3       030  3-* 

chapeau  qui  cachait  en  partie  son  visage,  moi  qui  veux  ma 

6  e'^o-*6  *w 

part  des  dangers  de  ceux  qui  me  sont  chers,  ma  part  de  la 
-602*  36  -  -3 

victoire  ou  de  la  defaite...  Vos  conseils  viennent  trop  tard, 

w  " — ^  3  26*  2  6eyy**  2  - 

messieurs.       Vous    voyez    ces    lueurs    a    1' horizon?...  Elles 

*  y-  12  6  y      -  ^— ^  *  6  ** 

nous   annoncent   que   les   gens   de   ces   communes   se   ren- 

^-'*6*  3^  o  *e  He*  30 

dent  en  armes  au  carrefour  de  la  Croix-d'Arcy,  k  une  lieue  de 

^i— ^  o^^-*'~^o        **       -3  w  -  *y*3 

Montaignac,  ou  est  le  rendezvous  general...  Avant  deux  heures 

6       eny     —  6302  22-  o  ^— ^         * 

il  y  aura  la  quinze  cents  hommes  dont  mon  pere  doit  prendre 

^^6  a     *       o   " ^*       *         6  6  *       w  03 

le  commandement...  Et  vous  voudriez  qu'il  laissat  sans  chef 

3*0*0  6  y2  e*2o  - 

ces  soldats  qu'il  est  alle  arracher  a  leurs  foyers?...  C'est  im- 

6-  ^--'e"-'*2*  2  y-i2  6  ^~^a. 

possible!... 

*       * 

L'exaltation  de  son  p^re  et  de  son  amant  I'avait  gagn6e, 

-   -  2    yd         3       6  ^-^  e        3       o'-'o  e  ny2* 


62  FRENCH  DICTION 

elle  partageait  leur  folie,  si  elle  ne  partageait  pas  toutes 

**  -*6  y-  *  **3  -        *  6  2  * 

leurs  esperances...  Sa   beaute   avait   quelque   chose   de   ful- 

y-"— '-    2o*  62  e  -3  2*3- 

gueant,  les  eclairs  de  ses  yeux  faisaient  palir  les  flammes  de 

**  o  e"-^2      d-         3         ^— '  ee*  2-e  **        3 

I'incendie...  Ah!  c'est  vraiment  k  cette  heure  qu'elle  meri- 

ao*2  6  ^o^-'  ^  "* "  y-*  **         2 

tait  ce  nom  d'ange  de  Tinsurrection  que  lui  avait  donne 

636  o*3a--6  3w  e  *     2 

Martial. 

-  y- 

I     Non!...  il  n'y  a  plus  k  hesiter,  reprit-elle,  ni  k  reflechir... 

6  -  "-^223~^-'=>=*  22  — 

C'est  la  prudence  maintenant  qui  serait  folie...  C'est  en  ar- 

A  o*a*o  36  *  e   "-^o  ^  * 

ri^re  qu'est  le  plus  grand  danger.     Laissez  passer  mon  pere, 

y*  63  o  02  6*2  2*    2  6  * 

messieurs,  chaque  minute  que  vous  nous  faites  perdre  coilte 

*y-  *  *3  ^     *  ~        3  * 

peut-6tre  la  vie  d'un  homme...  et  nous,  mes  amis,  en  avant! 

^-^       *  *         e  '^-^    **e  e^-'  o"^o 

Une  immense  acclamation  lui  repondit  et  la  petite  troupe 

N«x  *        o      ^— '  *  2    yd       w      2      6  €  *       *  * 

s'61anca  k  tra^^ers  la  lande. 
20'  -  o      * 

II  n'y  avait  plus  k  lutter.     M.  d'Escorval  etait  constern6, 

6  -^*2  --"--26  6         -2 

mais  il  ne  pouvait  laisser  s'eloigner  ainsi  son  fils  qu'il  aper- 

6  3  6         6*2         2wny2a  6*-  "^- 

cevait  dans  les  rangs. 

*      6  o  ^         o 

Maurice!...  cria-t-il. 

6        *  y    "^- 

Le  jeune  homme  h^sita,  mais  enfin  s'approcha... 

^^ — ^  *       *      2  6  ^o    a  * 

Vous  ne  suivrez  pas  ces  fous,  Maurice,  dit  le  baron. 
3W226  6*  3  6 


FRENCH  DICTION  63 

II  faut  que  je  les  suive,  mon  pere... 

-6  336W*  6  * 

Je  vous  le  defends. 

3  *      2     o 

Helas!  mon  pere,  je  ne  puis  vous  ob^ir...  je  suis  engag6... 

22—  6  *3*        w  "^^2—         3w'~^o  2 

j'ai  jure...  je  commande  apres  Lacheneur... 

623*0     ^^-^  *       y- 

Sa  voix  6tait  triste;  mais  elle  annoncait  une  inebranlable 

w       2     e  -   *  6   '^*    '^   *      6  '  &  ^^        ^-'2        o  * 

determination. 

2      -  2    y6 

Mon   fils!...  reprit   M.   d'Escorval,   malheureux  enfant!... 
C'est  a  la  mort  que  tu  marches...  a  une  mort  certaine. 

6^"^  -3  -*  *__^* 

Raison  de  plus  pour  ne  pas  manquer  k  ma  parole,  mon 
663  -3202  *6 

p^re... 

Et  ta  m^re,  Maurice,  ta  m^re  que  tu  oublies!... 

6  *  6  *  *  3  * 

Une  larme  brilla  dans  les  yeux  du  jeune  homme. 

*        -      *  y  o  6  '^-^  ^    *        * 

Ma  mere,  repondit-il,  aimera  mieux  pleurer  son  fils  mort 

*26^-6*  y  26*- 

que  le  garder  pres  d'elle,  deshonore,  fletri  des  noms  de  lache 

33-2  **2  22  6  6  32* 

et  de  traitre...  Adieu,  mon  pere! 

6363  y  6  * 

M.  d*Escorval  etait  digne  de  comprendre  la  conduite  de 

-     -       ^-^2     e  ny3      300*  6       w-*       * 

Maurice.     II  etendit  les  bras  et  serra  sur  son  coeur  ce  fils 
6        *         "-'20  t         26        *  -6  y  -     3      *- 

tant  aime,  convulsivement,  comme  si  c'etlt  6te  pour  la  der- 

o^^e2         6         -*o  **  ^-'2   2  -  - 

niere  fois... 

*       2t 


64  FRENCH  DICTION 

Adieu!...  balbutia-t-il,  adieu!.. 

y  -      y       -        y 

Maurice  avait  deja  rejoint  les  autres,  dont  les  acclama- 

6        N — ^       e  2  3W  '"'03  6  ^— '*  2 

tions  allaient  se  perdant  dans  le  lointain,  que  le  baron  d'Escor- 

yo    "-^*    e*  3-0  03     2a       a  ^     ^  6  -- 

val  etait  encore  a  la  meme  place,  ecrase  sous  I'exces  de  sa 

-^2     e  "-^o  ^— ^  *  *     2      *   2     .  -  3 

douleur... 

y- 

Tout  a  coup  il  se  redressa. 

^  -33* 

Un  espoir  nous  reste,  I'abbe,  s'ecria-t-il. 

-^  -   w-  -  *        *    2       2  - 

Helas!...  murmura  le  pretre. 

22-  -  3  * 

Oh!...  je  ne  m'abuse  pas.     Marie- Anne  ne  vient-elle  pas 

6  3       3  *2  ****       ya         *  *       2 

de  nous  dire  ou  est  le  rendez-vous?...  En  courant  a  Escorval, 

3  ^^-^         6302  o  o"^—      —      — 

en  attelant  en  hate  un  cabriolet,   nous  pouvons  devancer 

o^^*eo'^02  e  e  6  302 

les  conjures  a  la  Croix-d'Arcy.     Votre  voix,  qui  avait  emu 

662  w-  3W  e  ^-'2 

Lacheneur,    touchera  ses   complices.     Nous   deciderons   ces 

*      y-  *e6*  2*6e 

pauvres   egares  a  rentrer   chez   eux...  Venez,   I'abbe,  venez 

6  3  ^-^2  2  02  2""^-^  32  *232 

vite!... 

Et  ils  partirent  en  courant... 
6     -         -      ■ ^o  o 


FRENCH  DICTION  65 

Prose  Selection  III. 

Extract  from  LES  MISERABLES  by  Victor  Hugo. 
e  2  *  -  - 

On  frappa  deux  petits  coups  a  la  porte. 

6  *  3  -    * 

...Entrez,  dit-il. 

O  2  '-^- 

C'etait  la  soeur  Simplice. 

2     e  y-      a  * 

Elle   etait  pale,   elle  avait  les  yeux  rouges,   la  chandelle 

*  '^ — ^2    e  2  *       *  ^-—^       e         e *  o        *  * 

qu'elle  tenait  vacillait  dans  sa  main.     Dans  les  emotions  de 

**3e  *eo  a  o  e'~'2      26  3 

cette  journee,  la  religieuse  etait  redevenue  femme.     Elle  avait 

*   *  -     2*  3       y      ^^^2    ^        2)    '^    2>       *        **  *  "^"-^      e 

pleure,  et  elle  tremblait. 

2  6**  o  e 

Jean  Valjean  venait  d'ecrire  quelques  lignes  sur  un  papier 

o  -036  2  *  -3**  "^  Q  y2 

qu*il  tendit  a  la  religieuse  en  disant:   Ma  soeur,  vous  remet- 

-o^  3y'""^o         o  y-  3* 

trez  ceci  a  M.  le  cure. 

23  32 

Le  papier  etait  deplie.     Elle  y  jeta  les  yeux. 

3  y2     2     6         2     y2  *^^      3  e"^* — ^ 

...Vous  pouvez  lire,  dit-il. 

2        *        ^- 

Elle  lut. 

*  * 

"Je  prie  monsieur  le  cure  de  veiller  sur  tout  ce  que  je 

3  *6y-3  23ey2  -  "^  Z      2, 

laisse  ici.     II  voudra  bien  payer  la-dessus  les  frais  de  mon 

e**  yai2  *  6636 

proces  et  Tenterrement  de  la  femme  qui  est  morte  aujourdhui. 

—   60**0  3  **  e  -  "^-^6         —        w 

Le  reste  sera  aux  pauvres." 
3      -  *    3       6         6      3 


66  FRENCH  DICTION 

La  soeur  voulut  parler,   mais  elle  put  a  peine  balbutier 

y-  -2  e  **  "^  e*         -y2 

quelques  sons  inarticules.     Elle  parvint  cependant  a  dire. 

-      3         6    ^^a.     -  2  **         -a         300^-^  * 

...Est-ce  que  monsieur  le  maire  ne  desire  pas  re  voir  une 

^         *  3  ^         7-3^*32*         2         3w^* 

derniere  fois  cette  pauvre  malheureuse? 

—  y*2a  **6        3  —  * 

...Non,  dit-il,  on  est  a  ma  poursuite,  on  n'aurait  qu*^  m'ar- 

6  ^-     6e^  -w*6  6e  * 

reter  dans  sa  chambre,  cela  la  troublerait. 

20  o  3         3  3     e 

II  achevait  a  peine  qu'un  grand  bruit  se  fit  dans  Tescalier. 

^^3^^^e*  e  o  W3  o  -y2 

lis  entendirent  un  tumulte  de  pas  qui  montaient,  et  la  vieille 

"^o       o        ^— — ^e  -*32  6e*  6  yg** 

portiere  qui  disait  de  sa  voix  la  plus  haute  et  la  plus  percante: 

-  y    *  e        3  w  ^-^6     *    e  "'03 

...Mon  bon  monsieur,  je  vous  jure  le  bon  Dieu  qu'il  n'est  en- 

6         6e*y-3  *36         y  -6  ^o 

tr6  personne  ici  de  toute  la  journee,  de  toute  la  soiree,  que 

2  -         *      *  3  *  -       2*  3  *  W     2*  3 

meme  je  n'ai  pas  quitte  ma  porte! 

+      362  *2  -* 

Un  homme  repondit. 

e  '^— ^     *       *      2      6 

...Cependant  il  y  a  de  la  lumiere  dans  cette  chambre. 

♦      oo'^  3  y*o  **0  3 

lis  reconnurent  la  voix  de  J  avert. 

-       3       *        -*  w         3 

La  chambre  etait  disposee  de  facon  que  la  porte  en  s'ouvrant 

o        ^—'2     e  2    2*     3        '6  3  -  ^— ^o  o 

masquait  Tangle  du  mur  k  droite.     Jean  Valjean  souffla  la 

2eo3  '"-^w*  0-0  * 

bougie  et  se  mit  dans  cet  angle. 

*    6      3  o  "^o       * 

La  soeur  Simplice  tomba  k  genoux  pr^s  de  la  table. 

y-a*6  3^3  * 


FRENCH  DICTION  67 

La  porte  s'ouvrit. 


-  * 


Javert  entra. 

-  o  

On  entendait  le   chuchotement  de   plusieurs  hommes  et 

6^^0063  *o  3  »■ — y-  -^     <^  *       *        6 

les  protestations  de  la  portiere  dans  le  corridor. 

6  -2y6  3  -y*0         3* 

La  religieuse  ne  leva  pas  les  yeux.     Elle  priait. 

3y*33  2  ^^  **y^ 

La  chandelle  etait  sur  la  cheminee  et  ne  donnait  que  peu 

o        *^— ^2     t  -  32*63*^  3 

de  clart6. 
3      -  2 

Javert  apercut  la  soeur  et  s'arr^ta  interdit. 

-  - '  y-    e  *  a       - 

En  apercevant  la  soeur,  son  premier  mouvement  fut  de  se 

o^        -30  y-       63     y2  *o  2>     3 

retirer.     Son  second  mouvement  fut  de  rester,  et  de  hasarder 

32  636  *0  -263  ~2 

au  moins  une  question. 

o         wa  '^      *  -  y6 

...Ma  soeur,  dit-il,  etes-vous  seule  dans  cette  chambre? 

y—  "—'—  *  *  O  *   *  O  3 

II   y  eut  ■  un  moment  affreux  pendant  lequel   la  pauvre 

^— '  ^--'e  o'"-^*  003-  63 

portiere  se  sentit  defaillir. 

-    y    *     3       o  2     ^*y- 

La  soeur  leva  les  yeux  et  repondit : 

y-    3  ""-^  626 

...Oui. 

w 

...Ainsi,  reprit  Javert,  excusez-moi  si  j'insiste,  c'est  mon  de- 

a3  --2W  a*^63 

voir,  vous  n'avez  pas  vu  ce  soir  une  personne,  un  homme,  il 

W-  2  2  3W''^*  -**  ^— '       *  *        _ 

s'est  evade,  nous  le  cherchons, ...  ce  nomme  Jean  Valjean, 

e   ""-^2  2  3  -63*2  o  -o 

vous  ne  I'avez  pas  vu? 
322 


68  FRENCH  DICTION 

La  soeur  repondit:     ....  Non. 

y-     3      6  6 

Elle   mentit.     Elle   mentit   deux   fois   de   suite,   coup  sur 

**o  *5f!o  2a         3w*  — 

coup,  sans  hesiter,  rapidement,  comme  on  se  devous. 

O     "^ — ^2         2  *  O  *        ^— '  632  * 

...Pardon,  dit  Javert,  et  il  se  retira  en  saluant  profondement. 

-6  ~        ^     ~    3     3  o  o  620 

O  sainte  fille!  vous  n'etes  plus  de  ce  monde  depuis  beau- 

a3*y3  *  336*3w6 

coup  d'  annees;  vous  avez  rejoint  dans  la  lumiere  vos  soeurs 

*     2*  '-^      2        3    2  a  o  y     *       2  y- 

les  vierges  et  vos  freres  les  anges;  que  ce  mensonge  vous  soit 

ey-*6        2  *e  ^-^o      *  3306*  w 

compte  dans  le  paradis! 
6203 


THIRTEENTH  LESSON. 

French  Poetry. — In  reading  aloud  French  poetry  great 
attention  must  be  paid  to  the  subjects  of  E  mute  and  of  the 
tonic  accent.  E  mute  must  always  be  pronounced  at  its 
full  value  of  one  unit  of  time.  An  occasional  exception  to 
this  principle  may  arise  from  the  exigencies  of  the  meter  in 
which  the  poem  is  written.  In  case  of  doubt  the  student 
would  have  to  refer  to  an  authority.  However,  in  reading 
aloud  French  poetry  the  general  principle  must  maintain 
that  every  E  mute  is  to  have  its  unit  of  time. 

At  the  end  of  a  line  of  poetry  E  mute  as  final  vowel  {E 
final)  in  a  word  of  two  or  more  syllables  never  receives  the 
tonic  accent.  In  such  a  case  the  syllable  next  to  the  last 
always  receives  two  units  of  time  and  the  tonic  accent  with- 
out taking  away  from  the  E  final  of  the  following  syllable  its 
whole  unit  of  time. 

In  French  poetry,  to  a  greater  extent  even  than  in  French 
prose,  stress  of  emotion  influences  both  the  ''monotone'*  and 
the  tonic  accent.  It  is  not  necessary  to  continue  this  sub- 
ject further  at  this  time,  as  it  belongs  to  elocution  rather  than 
to  diction. 


69 


70  FRENCH  DICTION 


Poem  I. 

CHANSON. 

o       6 

Alfred  de  Musset. 
-      -     3        *  6 

Quand  on  perd,  par  triste  occurrence, 

o     ^6  -  -  ^— '  *       *     o     3 

Son  esperance 

6  ^-'-     2     o      3 

Et  sa  gaite, 

6  6      2 


Le  remMe  au  melancolique, 

3     S  ^^6  2    o  3 

C'est  la  musique 
^  3 

Et  la  beaute. 
€  62 


Plus  oblige  et  peut  davantage 

^  ^^  6  03 

Un  beau  visage 

e         6  3 

Qu'un  homme  arm^, 

e  ^>-^    *      ^•— '   -      2 


Et  rien  n'est  meilleur  que  d'entendre 

6ya  6  67-3003 

Air  doux  et  tendre 

6-  ^"^  6       o        3 

Jadis  aim6. 
---6    2 


FRENCH  DICTION  71 


Poem  II. 


LE  CORBEAU  ET  LE  RENARD. 

3         -^^33- 

Fable  de  La  Fontaine. 
*     3  6     e   * 

Maitre  corbeau,  sur  un  arbre  perch6, 

63-6  ^e^  -      3        -      2 

Tenait  en  son  bee  un  fromage. 

3     w  ^-^o        6  '"-^e  3 

Maitre  renard,  par  Todeur  allech6, 

633-  -  y^*22 

Lui  tint  a  peu  pres  ce  langage: 

w      a    "^  303 

He!  bonjour,  monsieur  du  corbeau, 

2  6  -  e*       y-  -      6 

Que  vous  etes  joli !  que  vous  me  semblez  beau ! 

3^3  3  3026 

Sans  mentir,  si  votre  ramage 

00-  3  3 

Se  rapporte  k  votre  plumage, 
3      *     -^-^  3  3 

Vous  etes  le  phenix  des  h6tes  de  ces  bois. 

"^    3      3         2     -       6^  23        3       e       2  k 

A  ces  mots  le  corbeau  ne  se  sent  pas  de  joie; 

6         2        3-0         330  2        s     w* 

Et,  pour  montrer  sa  belle  voix, 

6-62  *3        w 

II  ouvre  un  large  bee,  laisse  tomber  sa  proie. 

^-^  36         -3         -6*362  w* 

Le  renard  s'en  saisit,  et  dit:  Mon  bon  monsieur, 

33-06  6  6  6  e*       y- 

Apprenez  que  tout  flatteur 

*        3      2  3  *       y- 


72  FRENCH  DICTION 

Vlt  aux  depens  de  celui  qui  Tecoute: 

^6  26-33W  2  3 

Cette  lecon  vaut  bien  un  fromage,  sans  doute. 

♦  336  6  ya^e  30  3 

Le  corbeau,  honteux  et  confus, 

3-6  6  "-'e        6       - 

Jura,  mais  un  peu  tard,  qu'on  ne  Ty  prendrait  plus. 

^"^e  -  ^3  ow 


FRENCH  DICTION  73 


Poem  III. 


RAPPELLE-TOI. 

*      *    2      w 

Paroles  faites  sur  la  musique  de  Mozart. 
*      g  *       -  *    J  ~ 

Alfred  de  Musset. 
-      -    3        *  ^ 

Rappelle-toi,  quand  TAurore  craintive 

**3w  o  6         3  a  3 

Ouvre  au  Soleil  son  palais  enchante: 

2,     6  6y      6  e  '"^o         o     2 

Rappelle-toi,  lorsque  la  nuit  pensive 

**3w-  3  w  o  3 

Passe  en  revant  sous  son  voile  argente; 

2  *  ^*-^o  o  6        w   3      -     o      2 

A  I'appel  du  plaisir  lorsque  ton  sein  palpite, 

*-  e--36a  -3 

Aux  doux  songes  du  soir  lorsque  Tombre  t'invite, 

6  63  w--363a3 

Ecoute  au  fond  des  bois 

2  ""-^  6        6  62a 

Murmurer  une  voix: 

-  2  3       w 

Rappelle-toi. 

*         *    3        w 


Rappelle-toi   lorsque  les  destinees 

**3W         -         36         -23 

M'auront  de  toi  pour  jamais  separe. 

66  3W-  t       2         2 

Quand  le  chagrin,  I'exil  et  les  annees 

03  a  e     '^  e       e^-'  *     23 

Auront  fletri  ce  coeur  desespere: 

j66  2  3  y-2-22 


74  FRENCH  DICTION 

Songe  a  mon  triste  amour,  songe  k  Tadieu  supreme! 

6     ^-^  6  ^ — ^  -         6    ^^-^  y  3 

L*absence  ni  le  temps  ne  sont  rien  quand  on  aime. 

-03  30  36         ya  o     ^6^6      3 

Tant  que  mon  coeur  battra, 

O  36  y-  * 

Toujours  il  te  dira: 

-""-   3 

Rappelle-toi. 

*        *  3      w 


Rappelle-toi,  quand  sous  la  froide  terre 

**3W  o  W3*3 

Mon  coeur  brise  pour  toujours  dormira; 

6  y-  2  -  -  - 

Rappelle-toi,  quand  la  fleur  solitaire 

**3W  o  y-  6   $ 

Sur  mon  tombeau  doucement  s'ouvrira. 

-         6        6  6  30 

Je  ne  te  verrai  plus,  mais  mon  ^me  immortelle 

333        *     6  6  6^2^^*-*3 

Reviendra  pres  de  toi  comme  une  soeur  fidele. 
3  ya  3    w       *  3       y-         3 

Ecoute,  dans  la  nuit, 

230  w 

Une  voix  qui  g6mit, 

3  W  2  . 

Rappelle-toi. 

*       *  3      w 


FRENCH  DICTION  75 


Poem  IV. 


CARCASSONNE. 

—  2  *      *     3 

Gust  AVE  Nadau. 

-  *  6 


Je  me  fais  vieux,  j'ai  soixante  ans, 

3       3      ^        y  e      w      o    '•^^  o 

J'ai  travaille  toute  ma  vie 

6  ay2  3  3 

Sans  avoir,  durant  ce  temps, 

o    ^-'      w-  o  30 

Pu  satisfaire  mon  envie. 

-63         6  ^o        3 

Je  vois  bien  qu'il  n'est  ici  bas 

3      w        ya  -        6  ^  2 

De  bonheur  complet  pour  personne. 

3      6-*     y-       66  --      *3 

Mon  voeu  ne  s'accomplira  pas: 

6  3*^2 

Je  n'ai  jamais  vu  Carcassonne! 
36  t  -  2*    *    3 


On  voit  la  ville  de  la-haut 

6        w  *3      3         -  6 

Derriere  les  montagnes  bleues; 

*  3      ^         o        ny3  y3 

Mais,  pour  y  parvenir,  il  faut, 

6  ^        _   3    _    _    5 

II  faut  faire  cinq  grandes  lieues; 
-6        63a  o3yy3 

En  faire  au  tant  pour  revenir; 

o        ^  ^^  6        o  -33- 

Ah,  si  la  vendange  etait  bonne! 
2  o  ^2    6         *    3 


76  FRENCH  DICTION 

Le  raisin  ne  veut  pas  jaunir; 

3       6    a        3  26- 

Je  ne  verrai  pas  Carcassonne! 

3      3        *     e       2  -2**3 

On  dit  qu'on  y  voit  tous  les  jours, 

6  6  '~'         w  e  - 

Ni  plus  ni  moins  que  les  dimanches, 

2a  3      6  03 

Des  gens  s*en  aller  sur  les  cours, 

6         o  0^-^*2  -e  - 

En  habits  neufs,  en  robes  blanches, 
o  ^jt-  -      o  303 

On  dit  qu'on  y  voit  des  chateaux 

6  6  ^-^         w  e  2      6 

Grands  commes  ceux  de  Babylone, 

0*3  3  3 

Un  eveque  et  deux  generaux! 

e  '-^2        '^ 6  226 

Je  ne  connais  pas  Carcassonne! 

33        *e         2  -2**3 


Le  vicaire  a  cent  fois  raison : 

3  6  ^-^         o  w         e     6 

C'est  des  imprudents  que  nous  sommes, 

e  e"-^a  03  *       3 

II  disait  dans  son  oraison 

-  ^  o  6""^       e     6 

Que  Tambition  perd  les  hommes. 

30  6  -         e^  *       3 

Si  je  pouvais  trouver  pourtant 

3  e  2-0 

Deux  jours  sur  la  fin  de  Tautomne  — 

-  -  a        3        6      6       3 

Mon  Dieu,  que  je  mourrais  content 

6  y  33  *e6o 

Apr^s  avoir  vu  Carcassonne! 
^     w  -  2*    *   3 


FRENCH  DICTION  77 

Mon  Dieu,  mon  Dieu,  pardonnez-moi 

6y  6y  -*2w 

Si  ma  priere  vous  offense; 
3  ^  *   o    3 

On  voit  toujours  plus  haut  que  soi, 

6        w  -  -  6  3      Vi 

En  vieillesse  comme  en  enfance. 

o        y6y    *  3         *     ^— ^o^-^o      o      3 

Ma  femme,  avec  mon  fils  Aigan, 

*       3  -         6  "-^   e      o 

A  voyage  jusqu'a  Narbonne; 
i       2  -     *   3 

Mon  filleul  a  vu  Perpignan, 

y        ^-^  -      ny  o 

Et  je  n'ai  pas  vu  Carcassonne! 
6362  -2**3 


Ainsi  chantait  pres  de  Limoux 

a  06  3 

Un  paysan  courbe  par  T^ge. 

e         i        o  -    2        -       2    3 

Je  lui  dis  "  Ami,  levez-vous. 

3     w  32 

Nous  allons  faire  le  voyage." 

^   *   6  63  13 

Nous  partimes  le  lendemain, 
3303a 

Mais,  que  le  Bon  Dieu  lui  pardonne, 

^  336yw-*3 

II  mourut  k  moitie  chemin: 

-  '^         w  y2        3      a 

II  n'a  jamais  vu  Carcassonne! 
&  -  2*    *   3 


FOURTEENTH  LESSON. 

French  Songs.  —  We  are  now  arriving  at  the  goal  of  our 
studies,  the  singing  in  French  of  French  songs.  The  com- 
poser of  the  music  reHeves  us  of  all  care  concerning  the  tonic 
accent  by  merging  it  in  the  rhythm  of  the  melody.  The 
composer  has  also  decided  for  us  what  elisions  are  to  be  per- 
mitted in  the  text  of  the  poem. 

In  studying  the  songs  which  follow,  students  who  do  not 
wish  to  sing  them  will  utilize  them  as  further  poems  to  be 
read  aloud.  But  the  singer  must  read  aloud  many  times  the 
text  of  each  song  before  attempting  to  unite  it,  phrase  by 
phrase,  to  the  melody. 

Singers  are  advised  to  prepare  the  melodies  of  all  the  songs 
in  anticipation  of  the  time  when  their  diction  shall  have 
attained  perfection,  in  order  that  the  final  union  of  text  and 
music  may  be  accomplished  as  quickly  and  delightfully  as 
possible. 


7« 


FRENCH  DICTION 


79 


BERCEUSE  DE   "JOCELYN" 

*     ^         BENJAMIN  GODARD 

Quasi  Recit.  a         a 


^ 


^ 


1.  Ca  -  ches  dans  cet  a  -  sile    ou        Dieu   nous  a  coti- 

2       o        e  ^^ — ^  y  "~^        6 

2.  Sous      I'aT  -  le    du  Sei-gneurloindu  bruit de   la 

e        3  e  ny    "  2a  w  3 


W 


i  i  \  \i  J^  >  J)  I y    J 


n 


-n 


duit, 
w 

fou 


U     -    nis 


'I' 


Et 
e 


par    le    mal  -  heur, 
-     3  ^—    y- 

comme     un   flot   sa  -  ere, 
♦  "^ — ^e        6  2 


du  - 


^ 


^^ 


^ 


r'  ff  F  p  p 


rant  les  lon-gues   nuits  Nous  re  -  po  -   sons     tous 

O  eo3w  32  6 

qui     dou- ce-ment  se   -  cou  -  le  Nous_a-vons       vu        les 


4^  J    ^^  J'  I  y,    ,  j^   ;, 


^ 


F 


deux      en- dor  - 
"■ — ^o 

jours    pas 


fe 


mis            sous  leurs  voi  -  les,     Ou  pri 

y-  w       3 

ser        a  -  pres     les  jours, 

2                                     e  ~ 


^ppf  J>i'lja'J'p  pM^JLF''ire 


ons  aux  re-gardsdestrentblan-tese- toi -.  les. 

6  6  3-e6o32W3 

Sans  ja-mais nous  las -ser  d'im-plo- rer  sonse-cours! 

o  e  2*     2a  26S 

Andante 


WmO  JU^' Jyi'l  °Tp  JSi'  jy^  JHi' 


Oh!  ne  t'e-veil  -  le  pas  en  -  cor Pourqulinbel  an-ee  de  ton 

6         3      2      e*  y3    2^Q  -  -        e      e^^O       3       3       6 


^ 


y3"2  ~p 
semprep 


,  J,  j^  J.  ;.  j^  ^ 


zz: 


^ 


kfe 


re  -  ve 

3 


cresc 


En  de-  rou-lant  son  long  fil 
o       2  o       6      6 


a 


/• 


E 


ral/.p 


d'or- 


/jf  tempo 


En- 
o 


£ 


r  [I  ^^^^u. 


^ 


^ 


fant, per    -     met-te     qu'il     s'a-che    -     ve? 


8o 


FRENCH  DICTION 


fe 


^ 


i 


R^ 


xn 


Dorsl         Dors! 


le    jour_a     peinc^a 


lui! 
w 


fe 


pfl 


r  I r  J  ^  If  rl 


^ 


<^-^ 


Vier-  ge     sain  -te,  veil  -  lez  ,    sur 

y-    °3         a     3      §♦    y2 


lui! 
w 


ALFRED  de  MTJSSET 
-     3       ♦     e 

Presto  (J  =  iHs) 
h  2         mT 


BONJOUR,  SUZON 


PAUL  LACOME 
6w-  ♦ 


[?  [?  p  ip  I?  F  ^^ 


^^ 


S 


Bon-jour  Su  -  zon,  ma  fleur  des     bois,  Es  -  tu    tou  • 
6         -*  6  y-     e  2a        g 


k  J^  I-.  h  Jl 


g 


E 


^ 


jours    la    plus    jo     -     11 


e? 

3 


fe       re  -  viens 
•'3        3      ya 


^  M-^  p-4-f  J'  iii'  i'  I  j.  J^^ 


tel    que    tu     me       vois,  D'un  grand  vo  -  yageen^ I    -    ta  - 

3  S  MT  C  O  1  O 


cresc 


A 


b  r~^[;7^^  fr  f!  F  IT   F  (T  ^F^^ 


li     -         -     e.     Du   pa  -  ra   -    dis    i'ai  fait    le       tour, 
3  ^  *•  e      e       3 

P 


^ 


^ 


m 


^ 


J'ai    fait    des     vers, 

e  e  e 

apiacere 


j'ai      fajt    I'a  -  mour,       j'ai     fajt    I'a. 
e  e  "  e         e 


^ 


a  tempo 


^^^ 


^ 


P 


3? 


mour, 


Que   Vim 
3      a 


-    por     - 


te?  Bon-jour,  Su 
3         6" 


zon 


V  »■ 
o 


FRENCH  DICTION 


8i 


molfo  n't. 


ijy^  YHUCfU   it  I. 

rp  F  iiff  nip  F  (^ 


M  P  F 


Bon- jour,  Su   -  zon. 
6         "  6 


Te    pas- se        de-vant  ta   mai- 

3        2  3  3        o  e 


^ 


Tempo  I 


/eggiero 


i 


zz: 


# 


*         # 


g 


son,  Ou-vre    ta         por  - 

6  3 


-    te.     Bon -jour,  Su    -    zonl 
3  6"  6 


I,     V     J)    p     J'^^ 


E 


^ 


Bo;i-jour,  Su    -    zon! 


Bon  -  jour,. 


Bon  -  joui;. 

d 


-^ 


^ 


P    V    < 


^ 


__     Bon- jour, 


Bon 

o 


-     jour!. 


Un  poco  piu  lepto  (J  =ii6) 
^        p  espress.     ^s- 


^^ 


;^= 


p-  ^i?  r    I F-^ 


t'ai   vue 
e         ♦ 


au     temps    des 

6  O  e 


-    las 
2 


ii>  'vn;:^^ 


^ 


^ 


Ton  coeur  jo 
6         y-      i 


yeux   ve-nait   d'e 
3       e        2 


-    clo 


'I' 


^ 


^^ 


^ 


m 


El 
e 


tu       di 


sajis, 

e 


Je       ne    veux        pas, 

3  3  ^2' 


pp  delicato 


a  fiiacere  a  tempo 


b   V  |J>  J'  p    Lf-^-T    ji  >  I  J      j,  I J    i 


ie     ne   veux     pas  Qu'onm'ai-meen  -   co 
3       3  z  o       ^  ^-^6 


re. 
3 


82 


FRENCH  DICTION 


I.  V  ;.  ;)  ;.  I  ;^  iJ^  j^  ;. 


^^ 


Qu'as  -  tu    fait        de  -  puis  mon   de     -     part? 

2  e  3w62  -' 


\>  -,  ;:  ;.  ;:  i  ;i  iJ^  J^  ;. 


^ 


Qui  pari  trop      lot      re-vient  trop        lard!. 


^ 


^ 


Tempo  I 


^     P    F 


#         i»        # 


i 


Mais,  que  m'im    -      por 
e  3       a 


-    te!       ie       pas  -  se 
3        -*        *^2«       3 


leggiero 


tlKgglt-JU 


^5 


de-vanl    la     mai  -   son,   Ou  -  vre     la        por-leou-vre     la 

3o  eo  3  '^-^-'3 


V-f hJ'^J'    J^  ^ 


p  M   M 


por      -      le,    Bon -jour,   Su 
3  6" 

pp  rail. 


zon. 


Bon -jour,  Su 
6 


^    Mi[T    I  ii^r    ,^^ 


zonl 

d 


ie      pas  -  se 

•3  2*  3 


de  -  vanl     la      mai 

3  O  e 


pp. 


^ 


fe 


a  teittpo 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


son,    Ou  -  vre      la  por    - 

6  3 


le,      Bon  -  jour,    Su  - 
3  6" 


itzrr=^ 


*==p 


P 


^^ 


zon! . 
6 


Bon -jour,    Su      -     zon!. 


Bon -jour! 
6 


^ 


m 


ifes^ 


^^ 


^i 


Bon -jour! 
6 


Bon -jour! 
6 


Bon  -  jour!. 
6 


FRENCH  DICTION 


83 


BONJOUR  SUZON! 


ALFRED  de  MUSSET  Aubade 

Moderate  assai      jjp 


E^HLE  PESSARD 
2        ♦       ♦      - 


M 


M 


Bon-jour,  Su-zon!  Bon-jour,  Su-zon!mafIeurdes 
6"  66"  6  y"c 


^fe 


p  I  p  7-  p^rt^  ^J  ^  p;  n^ 


bois! Es-tu     tou -jours,      es-tu     tou-jours    la  plus    jo- 

2a  d  "  e 


M 


li  -      e?  Te        re  -    viens.   tel que tu     me 


e? 

3 


Te        re  -    viens,   tel. 
3  3  ya  - 


que tu     me 

3  3 


M 


i }  rn  p-  ^irr0^j"jij^ 


u 


vois,      D'ungrand  voy- a    -    geen    I    -     ta     -      li-  e 
w  e        o         1  ^^  o\ —  3 


^ 


gir^p  r  ^  ^^ I'  ''^'  p"¥ 


irr- Y 


Du  pa-  ra-dis    j'ai   fait    le  tour. 


J'ai    fait  des 
e        e        e 


M: 


P 


M 


vers,  chan-te    Ta-mour;   Mais  que  t'im-ppr  -  te,        que  t'im- 
"02  -  e3a-3  ^3a 

jjp  a  tempo 


f  "  ''"\  I'     \    [nf  I  d  JJ    J<  J^J^ 


per    -     te! 

^  -  3 


Te pas  -    se      de -Vant ta     mai- 

*^3  2  3  3         o  e 


*t 


•'I  J  ^-g  r^ir  r  '■^^■h\k'-'^^ 


son;        Ou-vre  ta  per  -  te,        ou-vre  ta     por  -   tel      Te . 
6*^  3-3  3  -3      •'3 


M 


^M 


pmolto  rii 


"  LT  r  p 


i^ 


^^ 


pas  -   se     <le-vant,_ta    mai  -  son: Bon -jour,    Su- 

2*         33o  e6  6"^ 


84 


fefc 


/TN 


FRENCH   DICTION 
a  tempo  ^  o 


^ 


P 


^ 


^ 


^      * 


^^ 


it 


zoii!         Bon-jour,   Su  -  zon! 
6  6         "  6 


Te    t'ai 


J^     >■     > 


^ 


^ 


P    P ,  F 


vu  -  e 

3 


it 


au    temps  des     li    -    las  Ton   coeur    iov- 

6        o  e  2  6  y-       i  — 


tr  [[fViJ^'Jpv^pl^f"piiJ\7pi^|g 


^5 


eux       ve  nait      d'e  -  clo  -    re,  Et  tu    di-sais:  "Je  ne_  veux 

3e2  3e  e33 


M 


7P     P     F     Iff 


^ 


^5 


^ 


M 


pas,         je    ne  veux     pas_  Qu'on  m'ai  -  me  en-co  -  re? 

2  3        3  2  6  e        " — 'o  3 


^ 


F    J  H  -  r  J^ 


r  -  r 


^ 


p^ 


^ 


Qu'as  tu  fait    de-puis  mon  de-part?  Qui  part  trop 

*2  e3w62-  ^-6 


M 


r  [-  V  jij')  in  J  >  ji  ji  J'Mf  J  /  ji  J^ 


M 


tot  re-vient  trop  tard;    Mais  que  m'im-por-te,        que  m'im- 

2  3ya        6         -  e3a-3  3a 

pp  a  tempo 


=F 


jCC 


por     -,     tel 

^   -  3 


Je —       pas 


se     de-  vant_  ta      mai- 
3         3         O  3 


i 


tt 


'''i^ 


^^ 


iTJ  '^•i'?  r  pir  r  ^-F  p'"' 


son,        Ou-vre   ta   por-te! 
6  3  -      3 


M 


^^ 


ou-vre    ta     por  -  tel     Je. 

3  *^  -         3       •'3 

p  rit  molto 


LI  r  F  ^'^' 


f?  i^  ^ 


±z 


pas-  se    de  -  vant ta    mai  -  son:. 

2         3       3        o  §  6 


M 


/r\ 


a  tempo 


j)    p-     ^'^   I  J   I 


Bon-jour,    Su  - 
3 


S 


zon!  Bon  -jour,      Su 

d  6  " 


zon! 
6 


FRENCH  DICTION 


85 


BONNE    NUIT! 

*      ♦         w 


C.  DIRTEL 


Andantino  (Sans  lenteurj       tenderit/ 


JULES  MASSENET 
♦         *  ♦    e 


^h^   ,i,_^jjjji  J' j)ji;^ 


dokissimo 


La  ter-re      dort    au  ciel  pur,  Les  e 
*     3  ^^6      y"  e^2 


i-lijiji  ^7  iJO  jii  ^-^ 


5^ 


toi-lesdansl'a  -  zur_       Des-cen-dentveil-ler    sur      el   -   le; 

W    3        o  "  "^o      3         e    y2  " Hf-  3 


^b^ 


p    ;.  I  j>  i  j)  3  J    I  J^  fr 


^ 


Sur_      ter  -  re  un  jar- din  fleu-rit,       Mais  Jes     fleurs 

♦        3  e"a  «ey~" 

•■  dim. 


% 


i 


^ 


L/  ^  J'  r 


ont__     pli  -  e      Taji    - 

'6  2  e 


le. 
.3 


Bon-ne 
♦     3 


^ 


^   »J0^ 


^i 


3E 


nuit,       bon-ne     nuit,       bon-ne  niiil! 

w'  *     3  W  ♦     3       W 


P 


^i'     ji    Jl   i'     J^    Jl    I   J^    J^    ji  ^ 


Un.pe-tit 
e      3 


^ 


toil     mon-te    seul      Au  jar  -    din  sous  le      til  -  leul, — . 
w  6      3  ^^  ^       "  a  3        ♦     y    ' 


it  >  j^  jrji  ff  ^ 


P 


^ 


^ 


s 


II  porte  une    hum-ble  tou--  rel   -  le, 


Un^ ,oi  -  se 

^W         3 


dim. 


let   dans  son  nid      Ga  -  zouille      et  faitsen-ti-nel    •- 
e        o        6  wy^^         e     e      o  * 


4^  7jiii|^r  V  J)iMfr  ■>■  j,i^lJi 


le.        Bon-ne     nuit,  bon-ne      nuit,  bon*ne      nuit! 

3  *3W  ♦SW  i^Sw 


S6 


FRENCH  DICTION 


# 


ji  j\  i  I  J'    J^  ji  ^  ji  ii 


^ 


Dans  la    tou  -   relle     une    en-fant  S'est_en-dor- 


»  >    Ji  i 


jLj  n  f. 


m 


f 


^ 


mie     en     re  -  vant 

*      o  o  ^" 


A      la      flour        frai  -  che    comme 
y-  6  3*^ — 


^ 


^ 


p  ;>  \n 


i^^ 


^ 


(bI    -    le, 


Le ciel      la 

y- 


ijarde       et      re  -  luit 


cfiM. 


^ 


F   F  1'    ly 


iir;/1 


rrJ  I J    7  jiJ 


En  son   a  -  me       jeu -  neet    be! 


le. 
3 


a^ 


^ 


Bon-ne 

*    3 

8 


^    (g 


^^ 


^3 


^ 


nuit,  bon-ne       nuit, 

W  *       3  W 


bon-ne     nuit! 
♦      3         W 


CHANTEZ,  RIEZ  ET  DORMEZ 

O       2  y2  €  -        2 


VICTOR  HUGO 
-       -  2 

Moderato 


CHARLES  GOimOD 
-    *  2 


fi"l'     i  |i  Ml   I   ji  FP^MJ-  J^J'i' 


Ouand  tu    chan     -     tezber-ce-e    Le       soir     en-tre  mes 


2      3        3  w-        o         3        e 


^  I  I  jlv  V  m  h'  ff  ^  r  ~j^^^ 


s 


bras, 

2 


En-tends-tu mapen-se-e    qui 

o      o  o     2    3 


V\\  I'  ti  f^J'l  I  I''     I    I    ''  |i  ^^T^ 


te re-pond  tout       baSj 

3  3*^  6  2 


Ton  doux  chant  me  rap- 
o       3     » 


crMC 


^ 


pel     -    le    les  plus    beaux  de  mes  jours. 

*^*  3e  6  3e 


Ahl-. 


FRENCH  DICTION 


87 


^^m 


^ 


^ 


21 


^m 


Chan-tez,chan-tez, ma     bel 

0202  ♦ 


^ 


-    le,      chan- 
3  o 

crvsG 


^^ 


^^ 


* 


tez,     chan  -  tez. 
2  02 


tou    -   jours,. 


chan    -    tez,. 
o  2  ' 


F  r  H  J^  ff  F^ 


^^ 


/> 


J     y  y 


chan-tez,    ma    bel  -  le,  chan-tez     tou   -   tours 

02  *3o2  **- 


± 


Chan 
o 


^l.r^^l-?^ 


^^ 


^ 


^ 


tez,_       ma- 
2 


bel-le,       chan     -    tez. 
Of-    2,  o  2 


tou  - 


i 


>  i    7 


^ 


jours. 


I 


Quand    tu"    ris 


#=ff 


Jm  j.  J>J^ JM  I   I  N  vvr. 


H^ 


sur  ta  bouche  Ta  -  mour   s'e-pa-nou  -it, 


^  ^  fTp  F  p  F-HMi'^lJ_J  ^-S 


:fc 


et  sou-dain le    fa-rou-che  soup-con      s'6    -    va   -    nou 

e  a  »3  3-   '6  2 


H-jJ^v  w  H  ^  J^  r  I'p  P  -lurfr  J^^^ 


ah!   le     ri  -  re    fi  -  de 
2        3"  3 

cfesc. 


le  prouyejin 


fe#^ 


K   rU'ff  U   ^ 


jours,™         n    -  cz,. 


rirez,    ma   bel-le,    ri-ez  ,  tou 
2  '  ♦     3  2 


ss 


FRENCH  DICTION 


jours,  n 


^f^r^Wr^^ 


ez, 

2 


ma. 


bel-le,         ri 


IS 


7  i    y 


i 


ez. 


jb^ 


^ 


tou     -  -      jours! 

ff  ^  ff  ff  Jh  J.   J^  i'  Jv 


E 


^ 


I 


Quand  tu  dors, —  calnjeet  pu-re  dans    Ibm  -  bre  sous  mes 
o  -  ~e3o63  e 


fe 


^^ 


^ 


^^ 


•y  >  f    7  -» 


^5 


^yeux. 


Ton  ha-  lei 
6^^ —        e 


nc  mur-mu-re   des 
3        "  3       e 


}>SUJ  J   S^  \  ^Ir-^^rH-H^-^   \^f!    ff  n 


mots    har  -  mo  -   ni  -  eux,. 


^  r  ff   J  J  J '  I  J  i 


^ 


ton  beau  corps  se  re  • 

6         0"  32 


^ 


^ 


ve  -  le  sans   voi  -  le  et     sans     a  -  tours. 
3     o  w       '~^e  o   " 


AhL 

2 


i"  Ti    J  l|    F  dr  ^'igi^n^ 


Dor  -  mez,    dor-  mez, —   ma      bel 


le,      dor- 

3 

dim. 


jii  P   P  J  JirrTif  If  ri    M 


mez,  dor- mez tou  -  jours,—        dor  -  mez, 


dor-mez,  ma 


£ 


^ 


^ 


j?;^irr  >^ 


bol  -  le,  dor-  mez  tou    -    iours,       dor     -     mez. 

♦      3-2  •'-'  -  2* 


ma. 


joursl 


FRENCH  DICTION 


89 


ELEGIE 

LOUIS  GALLET  2         2* 

.  Triste  et  tres  lent  ^ 

Q  ^'ffes  expressif  ttvec  accablemenO 


JULES  MASSENET 


^E 


ZZl 


^^ 


ja 


-2^ 


2 


Ui^ i. 


p 


doux     prin    -    temps    d'au  -  tre  -  fois, 
a  o  6         3      w 


S 


j)J   ^^-^^IJl^ 


Ver-tes    sai-sons.    Vous  a  -  vez  fui  pour  tou  -  jours!     Te     ne  vols 

-      3e6  ^2w"  -*'3         3W 


.^  U    Ji 


m 


iL 


S 


B. 


g 


P 


^ 


5 


f^^ 


plus  le    ciel  bleu:     Te  n'en-tends  plus      les  chants  joitpux  des  oi - 
^         3y-         '-'a       00*^  eo      w  6^w 

i'r#A:r.  e  animalo  poco 


i  ^  \^'  ^\r    j)  J^  JuJ^  v-T^ 


^ 


^^=^ 


seaux!      En     em-por-tant  mon  bon-heur, 0      bienai 

6  o* — o  -       o  6         ^ — "y-  2  ya     e 


I 


a  poco 


r^  Jjli  J) 


x 


^ 


^ 


W     7  -^ 


me, 
2 


tu 


t'en 
o  ^ 


^es^ 

'  e 


al 


2 


Et        c'est      en 

e  e        ■  O 


(En  retenanf  henncoi<p) 
cfim.e  n'/.p 


^ 


r\ 


^ 


^ 


a  tempo 


^ 


5 


¥ 


£ 


vain    que       re-vient      le      prin  -  temps! 


I 


^-j-^ 


3      ya         3 


Oui,    sans      re 

Wo  3 


g 


^ 


^^ 


13 


= ^'   g* 

le    gai   so-leil, 
3^6  ey 


tour     a  -  vec  loi 

Tacec  douleur) 


&=± 


^ 


i  r  rJi 


Les  jours  ri-ants  sont  par- 

e         ~  o  6  ~ 

dint. 


^ 


i 


;i: 


tii!  Commeen  mon  coeurtout  est  sombre  et  gla-  ce._  Tout  est  fie 
*         ^o        6         y-        ""e       6  e  2  "^e        2 


J^  <y  tempo 


y 

allargando 


tri! 


$ 


i 


/^: 


f  r-   r 


Pour tou     -     jours! 


90 


FRENCH  DICTION 


LE   MARIAGE  DES  ROSES 

3  3  e  2        * 


EUGENE  DAVID 


CESAR  FRANCK 
2       -  O  - 


* 


Poco  allegretto 


^^^ 


ii  -     \t     ''  i  ^ 


Mi     -    gnon  -  ne,    sais  -  tu      com 
ny  *        3        e  ♦ 


^^^ 


J^  J-  J>  J,  I  J.   J^^ 


ment    S'e-pou-sent  les       ro  -  ses?       Ah!     cet^ hy- men  est  char - 

O  23e  23  2  o^e 


^ 


3 


f^  r  ^'  itJ^^ 


mant,. 
o 


eel, hy  -  meiv_jESt    char  -    mant!. 

O         e  "  o 


J'  I  J.  i'  >  jmJ  ;>  J  iH 


^^ 


Quel  -  les  ten  -  dres      cho  -  ses     El  -  les       di  -  sent   en      ou  - 

♦      3o3  23*3  3    ^o^ 


^^ 


j^  I  J.     J'   ^  1 


vrant —    Leurs  pau   -   pic   -  t.     res      clo  -  ses!        Mi  - 

o  y~      o         y  3         2       3 

poco  rail 


M     J.  J>  J^  ^ 


1^  J'  J' J  I  J.    J^^ 


±z^ 


-9-' — W 

gnon  -  ne,  sais  -  tu  com- ment    S'e-pou-sent  les      ro  -  ses? 
2y*3e  ♦o  2  3e  2  3 

afefttpo 

dolce 


J'  J>  J'  J^ 


tt ~ — w^ *<^      i,0- 

El  -  les    di  -  sent:     ai  -  mons  -  nous! Si    courle  est    la 

*        3  3  e  6  "^ — e 


^ 


^^    J  ^    -!'  1^^  ^ 


vi    -    el 

3 


Ay  -  ons    les      bai  -  sers    plus    douj 
/" — '6         e  e         2        '^ 


f 


*   I    J'  j^  J' 


rresa 


^ 


w 


i=* 


^ 


^ 


^ 


L'a-me  plus  ra 

2       3 


f 


vi    -    e! 
9 


Pen-  dant  quel'homiTie 
o        o        3       ♦  "^ 


^^m 


£ 


^ 


^^ 


^a         ge  -  noux, 


Dout<;^s  -  pere    ou        pri    -    e! 


FRENCH  DICTION 


91 


m 


^ 


/joco  tyiU. 


Li^Jlii 


P 


^ 


O   mes  coeurs,    em  -  bras  -  sons- nousL 
2         e         3^-0  2*       6 


Si    courle   est   la 


I 


^ 


2 


^ 


h  J^  J^  ji 


<  W   h 


vi  -   el 
3 


Croix  -  moi,   mi- j^non-ne,  croix- 
w  w  ny  ♦     3       w 


* 


JJJ   J>    >  J^  ■^' 


^^ 


i'  IJ.  J^ 


* — w 


moi,  Ai-mons-nous  comme  el  -  les.  Vois,    le    prin- temps  vient  a 


dfc 


^^ 


r'   I  p  ^'  itJ^ 


loi,. 
w 


Le     prin  -  temps  vient  a  toi. 

3a       oya'^  w 


* 


^ 


^^ 


s 


S 


^^ 


^ 


Et      des  hi  -  ron  -  del    -  les  Ai-mer     est      iHi-ni  -  que 

6  e  6  ♦         3        e        2  ~ — e  3 


i 


t 


Iv-^Jv^ 


^^ 


£ 


*'    m 


fi    -de  -  les.         O    ma 
3  2 


loi. 
w 


A    leurs     .nids, 
T 


\^X^ 


jjvro  rail. 


\^  i'  J^  i  Ij.  ^ 


^ 


* IF 


rei 
e 

</  tempo 

fiolce 


-  ne,       suis  ton     roi,    Ai-mons-nous  comme    el   -  les, 
3  w        6        w        e        o  ♦   " —  •*^        3 


^^ 


fc 


^ 


^  ^     J 


Ex  -  cep-te      d'a  -  voir     ai  -me,. 
-     2  w^^       2' 


Qu'e,st^[     done  sur 


"     ^^-       J       V    I  ^J      ||J^    J       JM  ^^      l,J 


ter    -     re? 
♦  3 


^ 


Notre     ho  -  n    -  zoa_  ^est       fer  -  me- 

^ 6 ^e  -  2 


£ 


^^ 


m 


^ 


p^'p  pir  r 


6m-bre,nuit,mys-te  -  re!        Un  seul  phraseest   al  -  lu-mfH 


92 


FRENCH  DICTION 


^ 


'M^    jl    j^  iJ.    J    ^  iV 


s 


L'a-mournous     I'e  -  clai  -  re. 

2  e  3 

poco  roM. 


-r — m 

Ex  -  cep  -  te        d'a 
-     2 


\^    i'  J>  >|J-    J^ 


^^ 


voir     ai  -  me. 
w^      ^e         2 


Qu'est-  il     done  sur      ter   -    re? 


LE  SAIS-TU? 

3  e 


Allegretto  leggiero 
2 


JULES  MASSENET 


th'  i^",!,  ti  liJ'j  f  ir    f  J  J 


I 


^ 


N'as-tu   pas  vu    I'hi-ron  -  del   -    le      Se  ber» 
2  2  «6  *33" 


^~    "f 


^m 


m 


' }  i'  ^''  ^'  p  ^ 


cer sur    le     ro   -  seau, 

2  -       3        2  o 


Et    se  crojr-ant   la  plus 
e        3        i      o 


|¥  r    p   i'  J I  r  ~  ^  p  J'  j) 


bel    -   le        Se    mi    -    ren 

4t  3  3  2 


au   fond  de        Teau? 
3  o 


^"'  "^'piiiU'pii   MFir  J^^'^^' 


tf 


As-tu  sen-ti   de  la      ro  -  se    Lepar-fum     de  -  li-  ci  - 

2  o  3  233-e2 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^1 


^ 


^ 


t 


»     g 


eux,  Ce  bai  -  ser     que  Dieu  de  -   po  -  se      Le  ma  - 

'  3e23y2  23  3 


4^11^-  ^p-  ^Mr-ic   h-'  iiJiJ'i'pp 


tin     du  haul   d«s      cieux? 

a  ♦  o         c         y 


Con-nais-tu  de  I'a-lou- 

*      e  3 


i^^  r   M)  ^  I  p'  F  r  ^^ 


et    -    te      Le   joy^ 


iux       re  -  frain      d'a 
3  a 


-    mour. 


FRENCH  DICTION 


93 


{y  •  1,  >  ''  fipriMi'Ji/''  J>-^'^^ 


Cechanl  que  I'e-cho  re-pe     -    te     Quanddansleboisvient  le 

3       032        22'^  30        o3    2ayaa 


I 


Ist 


jt?o<:(9  r«//. 


a  tempo 


jour! 


Le  sais    -     tu?- 
3      e 


U. 


a"  V  >  J]  ji  i'  p  (?  I  r  J  I  ?  f?  p  |7   p  J'  > 


Sais-tu  ce  qu'est  I'es-  pe -ran- ce      Quandnous croy-ons  au  bon- 
e  36*2      03  O  w6  ^""6         "" 


*fc 


^^^ 


^^ 


^ 


^ 


*S 


heur? 


Et    ce  que   notre     a  -  me      pen  -  se     Du    se 
e       3        3  — "2         3  O  3  3 


I 


^ 


^   P  P  F  P 


"  r~Fp  ^'i' 


M 


cret de   no-tre      coeur? 

3  3  y- 


Eh!  bien,  tout   ce  -  la,  ma 
e      ya  3        ' 


p    ^    plf^^  J'^JilJ    »Ji  ^ 


bel  -  le,  N'est  plus   rien  quand  je    te    vois;        Te  n'ai  -  me 
♦       3        c  yao3/3       w  3       e3 


M 


r   r  ^'  I  ^>  ^''  ^  p  p  ^in  r  vj 


*fe 


plus.     I'hi  -  ron  -  del  -  le  je    n'en  -  tends  plus    que      ta 

♦         6  ♦S  ^Z        o       Q  ^3 

P 


''  ['  T  f  I  •■  J)  JijtJ^  ^'  p  F I  r  i^ 


voix. 
w 


Et   si     ie  veux    u  -  ne      ro  -  se,  Tu    le 

e  "^3  ^^         3         2  3  3 


I 


fcfc 


ti^  r  ^  ^'iii  'J  i^j^J^'^'r 


^ 


sais,   an-g^e  d'a-mour,       Sur  ta  bou-che  de-mi  -  do    -     se 

eoa  ,»-  g^  2  3 


M 


ii"  /jiii  ii  p   p  pirTrlffy^h;,!^^ 


Je  la  pren-drai  cha-que    jour!. 


Cha-que   jourI«. 


94 


FRENCH  DICTION 


MA  FLEUR 

Molto  moderato  con  tenerezza 


LOTJISE  K.NOVELLI 


^^J    J'  J  I  J-     JMr-    JiiJ-.  i-  I  I 


p    ''  i' 


J'a-vais    une     fleur,       une     rose     de    par-fum      rare, 
e  ♦  y-  *        2  *        3         -       e  * 


J^  J-'  JiN-^M-i 


r  F  ^  M  [T 


Dans     mon  jar    - 
o  ^  "^  - 


din,    el  -  le       se        meurt;. 
a       *       3         3  y- 


^  V   J^'   g  T 


^^ 


p  p  fT  r  ^' 


Sa   beau-te       pur      ne    tou-cha  pas  ton^_ame      Tu 
6       2-3  2       o-^2    * 


con  espressione /Cs   jy  g^  rii     ^ 


n'ai  -  mas  pas    la      fleur,     qui       fut      moja    coeur. 

6      2     2  y-  o        y* 


pppiu  lento 


ryTp  I J   J.'yiii  J    f  I  p-  hii\^\  J 


A    Theure  de      la   mort    d'un      mu- et     de-ses  -  poir, 
y~*     3  "  e  e        2       ~        w- 


i 


•  i'  J' J>lJ  JIJ^  h  J'f!  T  I 


f:^  PHP 


Pour  ma  belle  rose    ne  pleu-re     plus;. 

♦♦2*3  3 


Tapre-sence 
2      o   * 


ii-^JMp   p  p'   MH-J  1. 1 IV  p   ^ 


seul    me      fait  joie    en  cette     heure,Baise   ten-dre-ment  mon 
"        3         e       w*     o        ♦        ^      *       e   ♦      o         3       o  a 


rit. 


PP 


^ 


/?N 


^ 


front , .    . 

et 

rends  - 

moi 

ma 

fleur. 

o 

e 

o 

w 

y- 

FRENCH  DICTION 


95 


JULES  BARRIER 

*       ~   y« 

Moderato 
-    ,  p  sempttce , 


MALGRE  MOI 

"~  2  W 


m 


n^u  J  J 


GEORGES  PFEIFFER 
P 


p  ~  K.        -« 

J   lUMaJM^S  J    J   f  I 


Je    ne  veux      plus_  pen-ser  a     toi,    Dont  j'ai    si . 


-    )       crfisa 


tris  -   te   re-com-pen-se!  Et  mal-Cfre       moi,_Et  mal-gre 
328         o3e  "2  W        e         "2 


^ 


^ 


miZ 


-ar- 
se! 

3 


moi     Tou- jours  j'y 


pen 
o 


leggiero 
ppoco  animato 


Je  ne  veuxplus  chan-ter  pour  toi,  Qui f is  de  mes chan-sons.  me- 
3     3  02W  3eo62 


^ 


^ 


^^ 


^  ^p  M 


jZ 


chan 
o 


tel  Et  mal-ere     moi,         Et   mal-gre 

3  e  -^2         w'  e  "^2 


^ 


r 


^ 


f>  J^   i'  I  ^1  I,  J) 


/?«« lento 


^^ 


*•     <l 


moi,       Tou- jours    je       chan  -  tel   je    chan   -   te! 

Wr  3  O  3         S  O  3 


pp  espressivo  c  con  tristezza 


^    j  ^ jjty  vsprcssivv  v  con  irisiezza 


Je     ne   veux    plus   pleu  -  rer   pour  toi;         les 


96 


FRENCH  DICTION 


(M}  p  (T  r  p  jhJ  J  / 


J3&. 


^^^^^ 


pleurs  sanses-poir  sont    un    leur-rel 
y-       o^     '    yr      6        e         ♦     3 


^^ 


Je   ne  veux 

3        3 


A  ^  p  p  p  r  ^pi  r  [?  p5'^^pir  ^^ 


pl^ispleurrerpourtoi,    LespleurS sanses-poir sontjin  leur-re! 


P^h.  vH  I'  r  1'-^ 


^    ra^ 


;r-^'^ 


^^ 


Et  mal-gre  moi,       Et  mal-^re  moi  Tou- jours iepleu- 

e        "'      2       w  e         "      2      w  "  "^3 


tte 


/•m  animaio 


vif 


^ 


^ 


s 


^ 


fir  p^'^'p 


re! 
3 


Je    ne  veux      plus fai  -  re   de 

3        3  e        3       3 


^m 


^ 


mJ  ;>  ;>  JH'J^ 


ff=jiF 


^ 


?^=rf 


i?fe 


toi  Monbien,    ma    vi  -  e  et  monciel    me-me!Monbien,  ma 
wojTa.  3e6y-  36ya 


accel.    e  cresc. 


w  j>  j^  i'  I J  J  ^^ 


^ 


^ 


vi   -    e    et     mon  ciel     me  -  me! 
3      e  6      y-  3 


Et     mal-  gre 

O  m 


I* 


/ 


EC 


^ 


r  -  M  r  Mpi^ 


^ 


moj, 


E^    mal-gre  moi     Tou-jours, tou -jours,- 


g«l-t^ij:— ,^  -  mel 


—   tou-jours  je         t'ai   -    mel     je  t'ai  -  mel 

•^3  S  3*'e3 


FRENCH  DICTION 


97 


MON  PETIT  CCEUR  SOUPIRE 
6  8  y-  3 

OLD  FRENCH  CHANSON 

Andante  ^ 


Old  French  Air 
Arranged  by  J.  B.  WEKERLJN 


i^y  I  i'-^'ir-   J'  I  j^  j^  j^  i' 


Men    pe  -  tit     coeur      a 
6        3  y- 

Quandje    me   plains,  vous 


chaque  in-stant  sou   - 

^^ — '?i  o 

ne     fai-  tes  que 

3         6        3  3 


p.  -    re. 

ri  -    re, 
3 


^ 


2y) 


\n^  r>  -n 


^^3 


£ 


£;^JNJ^^ 


Ma- man,  pour-  quoi  suis  -  je  com-rae_  ce  -  la? 

O  ~  WW  3*33 

N'est    il     done    point      de        dan-eer     a ce         la? 

e"~-^-        6  6a  3  o       2  3 


^ 


s 


l>   h  ji  I  J^ 


s 


Mon      pe-tit      coeur  a        chaque  in  -  stant    sou 

o           3                   y-  "^-^a         o 

Quand    je    me    plains,  vous        ne     fai  -  tes   que 

o3        3a  3         633 


pi  -    re, 

ri  -    re. 


decresc.  e  poco  rit 


Ma -man,  pour  -  quoi      suis  -   je     com- me     ce 

O-  WW  3*33 

N'est  il    done      point     de        dan-p^er      a      ce 
e       ~        6  6a  3  o       2  3 


la? 
la? 


m 


>f 


-i'  -^MiiJ.   J^lfT   fr  p    p    liiJ7 


^^ 


Vous  le      sa  -  vez,  et  pou-vez   me      le  di  -   re, 

3  2  e                         2           3         3  3 

Con-seil  -  lez  -  moi,  de  crain  -  te  qu'il  m'em  -    pi  -    re, 

6       e*  y2  w  3           a       3          -      o  3 


I 


rresa 


S 


ff     I  P     P     P    II 


^ 


W 


^ 


Car 

n 

VOUS 

V01S__ 

w 

SOU    - 

vent 
o 

com  - 

me 

3 

ce  - 

3 

Que 

3 

faj. 

.  re  en     - 

fin 
a 

pour 

gue- 

rir 

ce 

3 

ma[ 

98 


P     rif. 


FRENCH  DICTION 
a  tempo 


m 


M    P    P 


la. 


^ 


!Mon  pe  -  tit       coeur       a      chaque    in-stant  sou  -  pi  -  re. 
6      3^  y-  —-a        o  3 

pe  rif. 


« 


■'^  J^  J'  JH  J  >  i 


P     P    I   [T    J      ^ 


Ma-  man, pour 
o         • 


quoi«.      suis 
w  w 


je   com-rae   ce  -    la? 

3*33 


D.S. 


ALFRED  DE  MUSSET 
-         ~       3        ■♦     e 

i^p  e  parlato 


NINON 


F.  PAOLO    TOSTI 


k^iA 


ij^  j^  i'  J'  i'  I  J.  ^ 


^a 


J-  J'v> 


^ 


Ni  -  non,  Ni-non, 
o  o 


que  fais  -  tu    de    la      vi  -  e? 

3      e  3  3 


Mrp   [T  ff  I'TTiJMjr^J^i.;?}'  Ii,.^^ 


L'heu-re   s'en 

3         O 

rit 


fuit,_    le     jour  suc-ce-deau       jour_ 
w  3  "      "  "    "- 


I        o       I 


^>^p   p    F^ 


r  JvJ^T) 


Ro  -   se       ce 

2         3  3 


soir, 


de-main    fie 
3         a         2 


b  J.  >/virj^  jr;,|JJ>nJ^^B 


prit 


5 


^f^ 


tri  -  e.  Com-ment  vis  -  tu, . 

3  ♦      o 

rsprit 


toi   qui   n'as  pas  d'a- 
w  2       2 

a  tempo 


F  F   Mp  M  ^^ 


^ 


^^3 


mour? 


Au-iour- d'hui    le    prin  -  temps,  Ni  -   non, 

O**-         w3a         o^  6 


t-  Ji'i'    i'  V'  I  J    r  V  C  1  (T  F     F    ^n 


de-  main   I'hi  -  ver. 
3         a 


Quoi! tu     n'as    pas     d'e 

w  2  2  2 


I 


J  J^  I  J.  J^ 


^^ 


toi 
w 


le, 

3 


et      tu         vas       sur      la 


■mer!_^ 


FRENCH  DICTION 


99 


ci^sc.  a  poco   - 


\>   V  j^   i'   ff    j^  m 


^^ 


^ 


^ 


P 


Au  com-bat  sans  mu   -    si  -  que,   en   vqy  -    a   -    ge    sans 
660  3      O         1^  '  3/       o 


\^  r^  "^  p  M  Cr  ■'''  I  f^-  ^  ^p  F  I 


li  -  vre!       Quoi! tu    n'as    pas_  d'a  -   mour,        et      tu 

3  w  2  2  -^  ' 


1'^  f  r  \ 


r~r  ^'  M  (I  ^  ^ 


par  -  les     de       vi  -  vre!- 

-         3  3  3 


Moi,  pour     un     peu      d'a 
w  e 


a  tempo 


I.       o        J 


p  p  F  r  p  ir  fHp  p  F  "r  p 


^ 


mour      je  don-ne-rais    mes     jours;* 

-         •'3         *       3       e  e         "^      -  ' 


Et    ie    les  don  -  ne 

e       3       g  *       3 


' 5 1 


^ 


prit    ten. 


^m 


^ 


£ 


rais   pour  rien 


sans    les     a 
o-        ^ 


-    mours. 


sans   les      a 

O  e"'^ — " 


f^p  parlato 


m 


h  J.  I  .iJ^  J^  J'  J'^  i' 


P 


mours-       Ni  -  non,  Ni-nqft, 
06 


b  J.  jiyvh  >(^^ 


ZPC 


que    fais  -  tu      de     la 

^   3        e  3 

»   ! t'o  J 


^ 


^ 


^5 


^ 


*       ■ 


vi  -  e? 
3 


L'heu-re  s'en  -   fuit,, 
3     o  \v 


l«i      iour  suc-ce-deau- 
3      ••     -       -  ^6 


MJ^J'vvlTvp    p    [7   I  J 


^^^ 


jour^ 


Ro  -  se    ce 

2        3        3 


soir,. 


de-main  fie 
3        a       2 


# 


1—' — it— I ■ i' — 


5 


prff. 


fe'^  Juii:  h 


3t± 


^ 


g  < 


tri-e.  Com-ment  vis  -  tu,. 

3«  <(       O 


toi,  qui  n'as  pas  d'a 

vv   ^  2       2 


lOO 


FRENCH  DICTION 
^       rit.  a  tempo 


j.  J. ■ ''' p'v p  P'  ^^11  p  I  r  PI 


mour? 


Qu'im-por  -  te  que    le        jour      f  i  -  nis 


^r>^'X>iJ.  J 


P    P  MM 


^3 


se     fcl    re -com-  men-  ce 

3        6         3  ♦  O  3 


Quand  d'une ^au  -  tre^ex  -  is  - 


K,  I  J    ;uui  I  J  V ,  j^  ji 


ten  -   ce      Le       coeur     est     a  -  ni     -     me?  Ou  -  vrez 

o  3  y^^ — it  ^ — "  2  2 

ti'esc.  a  poco 


^ 


J^^Mp.  yj^ 


*: 


P 


^^ 


? 


^^ 


vous,  jeu-nes     fleurs.        Si    la     mort  vous   en  -    le   -   ve,    La 
3  y-  -  ^o  3 

I.    ..     \ 


vie     est    un  som  -   meil,_ 
♦      e  ""^e        ♦  ev 


I'a  -  mour  en  est  le        re  -  ve, 

^^o"^e        3  3 


n't 


Lfi 


E 


^ 


P    P   P 


f-HMH^ 


Et  vous  2M-xti    ve  -  cur       si    vous  a-  vez      ai    -    me, — 

h  6        2  2  ^-"2  ^ o  2 


a  tempo 


r^-! 


p  p  p  M  I  r'^r  ^  I  ^'  ^'  -^^ 


Et  vous   au-  rez     ve     -      cu, 

h  "    '6        2         2 


SI    vous    a  -  vez     ai  - 
^^         2^ — ^e 

lentamente 


t^_^ Jiprit ten.  r\  _     ==r. 


me, 

2 


SI  vous   a- vez      ai   -    me. '      Ni  -  non,  Ni-non, 

" — '         2^^ — ^e  2  0  o 


C51 


k  .iJ'i  J^   ii  J>   i'  I  J-   i'vvl  >'j^   jrVi| 


^^ 


que   fais  -  tu      de      la  vi  -    e? 

3        6  3  3 

ppp  e  n't 


com-ment  vis 
♦       o 


^ 


*M # 


tu,— 


toi,   qui   n'as  pas    d'a  -  mour?_ 
w    ^22 


FRENCH  DlCT^OJSr 


» '  -I  »  f 


lOI 


FRANCOIS  COPPER 
O  *W  ♦2* 

Andanlino  (J  =72) 


OBSTINATION 

2         6 


H.de  FONTRNAII.LES 
3      6     3    2   y  ♦ 


m 


h  j>  j>  j^  J  J'  j^  ij  j_j^ 


*   I 


I 


SA 


a  j^  j'l  j^  j^  j^^^ 


Vous^^au  -  rez  beau  fajre    et    beau     di 
o        2         6       e  ""      e         6 


1" 


a 


P=JE 


K^  r  ff  p 


wtrzacumiiM 


L'ou-bli-me  se-rait  o-di-eux,_  Et   ie  vois  tou-iours  son  sou- 

33e^  e3w  "6 


^ 


wz 


Pjl  p     J)  V  >  JJ  J     J^  V  J  j 


a  tempo 


W 


-JO. 


m      m 


m^ 


M 


ri  -   re        Des   a  -    dieux,  des  a    -    dieux. 

3  e  y      '  e'"  y 

P 


h=^~Xl^  J>  J>  J 


i*^ 


* 


fci 


Vous_au  -  rez   beau  fajre      et    beau      di   -  re,. 

'    ^6         2  6        e ""        'e  6  3 


s 


^ 


E=S: 


^ 


*^ 


/ 


Dui__el    -  le      me  -  me      I'i      eno    -    rer,. 
♦        3  3  ny  2 ' 


A'i'f  ff  p  p  ff  Mr  J^''-i'j'iU'% 


Je  veux,  fi-dele_jL  monmar-ty  -  re,     La  pleu-  rer, —      la  pleu- 


a      a  tempo  piu  lento 


p 


I  j^  j^  j^  j^  J  ^ 


^ 


*     * 


M 


rer. 
2 


Vous  au-rcz  beau  dire      et    beau 
^6      2         o  ~  e         o 


m 


^ 


J>  J'  i'  i-  J'  J' 


fai  -   re, 
e         3 


Seule,       el   -  le     peut  men    mal    i'ue 


-44y- 

^rt  g.; 


7///'  espressico 


fe 


M   M   I 


rir. 


Et       i'ai   -   me     mieux  s'il     per  -  se 
e        ••  e  3         y  -     '^  -        2 


ve  -  re        En  mou  -  rir,_ 
2       3  o  -» 


en  mou  -  rir. 
o 


I02 


FRENCH  DICTION 


OUVRE  TE.S_YEUX  BLETTS 

PaOT.  ROBIQUET  ^  JULES  MASSENET 

owr  «  lie         «  *    g 

Avec  asbez  d'animation 

(LuO 


w 


^ 


^ 


^ 


p 


$ 


^ 


^ 


Ou  -  vre    tes  yeux  bleus,    ma    mi  -*  eiion  -  ne. 

3         e^"^  ny  4c  3 


hi  .LJ  n  J^  ^ 


^ 


^ 


i^    * 


Voi-ci      le-       iour.. 
w  ''    - 


De-ja     la     fau-vet  -    te     fre 
2  6*33 


^ 


^^ 


don    -    ne 
*  3 


Un     chant 
e  o 


d'a     -      mour 


L'au 
6 


'  J.  iijiiJ'^T  p Mr  r  K.Y 


^ 


rore      e  -  pa  -  nou  -  it     la        ro  -   se. 

^ ^2  2  3 


Viensa  -   vec 
ya 


f  ^L,J  ^  j:  I  J.  ;.  jittJ^p  Mri^ 


moi. 


Cueil  -   lir        la    mar -eue- rite     e  -  clo   -    se. 
3*      y-  -         3       ^ — ^2  2  3 


t  i  ^i;  r-  p  I  'i 


^  r   r-  !> 


^ 


-o- 


# 


Re  -  veil   -    le 
2        e*       y3 


toi! 
w 


Re  -veil  -  le 
2       e*      ya 


toi! 

w 


? 


^ 


E 


^ 


P 


Ou-vre  tes  yeux  bknis,  ma  mi  -  gnon  -  ne; 
3     fc^-^  ny  ♦        3 

mf(E\U) 


i  I  J'  i'  J 


^ 


^  >    J   J-  J^ 


^ 


# 


Voi-ci       le        jourl 

w  3  - 


A    quoi  bon    con -tern -pier    la 
we         6      o         2 


I 


.I^J     ^    J^ 


^ 


P     P     P 


ter    -    re 

*  3 


Et        sa      beau 
e  6 


te?. 
2 


L'a- 


^^^ 


dim. 


J'    J^  >{ji' '  J^  ] 


^ 


^ 


mouj:^___^est^__^n  plus  doux  my^^^^^J^e 


re  Qu*un   jour    d'6  - 
3  e  8 


FRENCH  DICTION 


103 


i 


cresc. 


f'    V     i'      J' 


P  ^p    iy  ;^  I 


t|;. 


Cest       eu  poi       que     Toi-  seau      mo- 

e     ^O  W  3         W  O 


i 


^^ 


# 


/ 


chant 
o 


vain. 
a 


queur, 
7" 


fr  J^   ^^    f 


^ 


% 


^ 


Et   •  le     grand     so  -  leil 
e  3  o  ^ 


qui      noi/s^        bru 
a  tempo 


le 

3 


Est     dans 
e  o 


mort 

6 


coeurl- 

y- 


PLAINTE 
a        * 


LUIGI  DENZA 


h\\  j  V  j  Jm  J   j>  J   J'- 


P 


t 


I 


A   -   dieu,      je     t'a  -  ban   -    don   -   ne,    Beau 
y  3  o  *  3  6 


te 


^ 


S 


^=^  t  'I  t  ^ 


^ 


re  -  ve   de    ton      Tieur 

3      3  ^^ y- 


A    -    dieu, 

y 


—  p 


J'  I  u  J' 


^ 


^ 


g 


TT^ 9 W 

do  -  le  de    men    coeur,_    i 
336  y- 

jt>  animando 


a- dieu,  ma  -  do  -  ne,    I 
y  3 


i 


rit 


^ 


^^ 


1 


i 


do  -  le    de'  men      coeur, Ce 

3        3  6  y-  3 


^^ 


re  -  ye ^tail     ma 

2    e 

■    a  tempo 


fi- 


i^5 


^ 


^ 


1 


Vi   -    e, 
3 


Oh!    quel     re  -  veil,     mon         Dieu 

o  '       3         ey  e  y 


A- 


I04 


FRENCH  DICTION 


^ 


m 


<  w  > 


* 


^ 


dieu     done,  ma  che   -   ri 
y  6  2 

p  n't  .       ten 


!»     h    1'    ^ 


^ 


Z. 


a      -     dieu, 

y 


r,  J'  J   J^  II^^K 


£ 


ip^ 


Oh!  raon  bon-heur,     a 
2       iRP 


-   dieu,  oh!  mon  bon-heur,    a 

y  6     ^^y- 


I  J-'  J-^  J'  J'  J>  i 


i 


— ?7 

dieul 

y 

y/o^o  n't 


Quand  tu    i'of  -  fris     a      ma       vu  -   e 
o  «  ^^  ~  3 

poco  n't 


T  J^'  ;,  J^  ;.  J»  j^  I  ^i-   I J^  j^  ;>  ^^ 


Je    sen -lis    bat -t  re  raon     coeur,       je    sen -lis    bal-tre    mon 
3o  t36  y-3o  *3o 


iJ.       I  ^    J^  .i'    j^    J^    J 


coeur, 

y- 


A  -  lors     mon      a   -  me      e 
6~ — '2  3        2 


mu    -    e. 
3 


I'  ^  W   H  Ki_^rni^^,^nj^ 


S'en-lr'ouv  -  rit_au     bon 
o  6 


heur! 

y 


^11  J'  h  J-  N  ;^ 


r: 


animato 


fF^f^ 


?^ 


s'en-lr'ouv- rit    au     bon    -      heur!      Mais  ce    bon-heur  de    ma 

O  ~o  ^ y-  e        3  ^^y~      3 

^  rail,  assat  :.  ^^ 


r^F^ 


te 


*^ 


>  t  1 


M    ^    i 


vi  -  e  Ful  bien    ra-pide  oh!   raon      Dieu, . 

3  ya  ■     6  6  y 


/»»M  ^  "  ten. 


A  -  dieu,    a  -  dieu  done,  raache-  ri  -  e.      Oh!  monbon-heura- 
y  y      6  8         3       6        6       ~~'y- 

p  n't O         L  4 


J'      ^        JM    ^^    7    7   ^       y  § 


\^    J' 


S 


^ 


i 


^ 


dieu,  oh!  raon  bon-heur,     a       dit^u! 

y  6        ---y-  y 


FRENCH  DICTION 


105 


ROMANCE 

o         ♦ 


PAUL  BOURGET 
6w-  -     e 

Moderalo 
2 


ACHILLE  CLAUDE  DEBUSSY 
♦  ♦      ♦  3  ♦ 


i 


4t- 


\^    i)    i)    i)   J    ^^ 


r«     ■ 


r  r^  p  r 


L'a-mee-va-po-ree     et   souf  -  fran  -  te,        L'a-me 

2      ^-'2  2*      e  ♦  o  3  2         3 


^i  r  p  '--  •''  p  11^'  "JM  r  MM 


dou  -  ce, 

3 


I'a-meo-do        ran-   te     Des  lis     di  -  vins. 
2      ' — "  o         3         e  a 


u-'p  M  I'  r  11 


>  J'  J)  h 


^ 


* 


que  ihicueil-lis  Dans      le   jar- din         de   ta  pen  -  see, 
^s-'es^y         o  3''-a  3  o         2V 


fii.^^i'iO'^-  ^  J';.IJ.  J  IJ  J^^^ 


Oii  done  les  vents  I'onl-ils  chas-see,  Cette  ame  a  -  do-  ra-  ble  des 
6-    e      o         6^-        2,-tf-     ^      ♦"-^  ^ — ^  3      e 

pp  meno  moSSO  (tempo  rubnto)  _^ 


in.   M^  J    3  J^  3  3  1.^^ 


lis? 


N'est^j^^il     plu<i un    par-  fum  qui     re.ij  -   te 


i'^j^^'(t^^f^^f=rr  r  r  if'^^fm^'^ 


De  la    su-a- vi-t6  c6-les-te  Des   jours  oil  tu  m'en-ve-lop - 
3  22      «^ — '3       e    •'    -^  o      3     jjf 


I 


^ 


W3k 


^M 


S 


f 


pais  D'u-  ne      va 

*^  6  3 


-   peur    sur  -  na  -  tu 

y- 


rel    -   le, 
♦        3' 


...(/-Tempo 


II  r  ^nr  )  hi'  i'i'j  ;)7i-  >;)J^^ii$ 


Fai-te  d*es-poir, 
e      3        ^-^-' 


d'a-mour  f  i  -  de  -  le, 

3 


De  be-a-ti 
3    2 


* 


Ritenuto 


'n  r    h^ 


tiide, 


et       de 


pajx? 


io6 


FRENCH  DICTION 


SI  J'ETAIS  JARDINIER 

2        e  "  y2 


ROGER   MILES 


Allegretto  (J:9«) 
dolce     '7' 


CECILE   CHAMINADE 
2       ♦  « 


j, "iiV( J' j'jiQjiji I i'i' J  iJU^^^'  -^Jjji^ 


Si  i'e-taisjar-di-  nier  descieux      Te  te  cueil-le-  raisdes  e 
2e-  y^e^y  33       3*y:ie       e"'2 


ti 


g 


liJil    i'    '^' 


t 


^ 


KHZ 


toi  -  lesl         Quels   joy-  aux-ra-vi  -   raient   tes  yeux 


u  'j^  n'^  a  tempo 


Si    i'e  -  tais_iar-di  -  nier  descjeux!     Dans  la  nuit    pa  -  le 
2       e        -  y2      I     y  o  w        2      3 


t\h  I^^i^  J  J  j)  j,  ji  Ji  J'  iiJi^ 


SOUS-  ses_  vol  -  les 

e         W      3 
P 


Ton  e  -  clat    se-rait      ra-di  -    eux. 

6^^2  3       e 


y^  j^  j^  j^j)  jii  i'  ^'  J  I  j^^ 


Si     I'e  -  tais_ jar-  di  -    nier    des   cieux 
2       e         -  ya       e" — "y 


Te     te     cueil-le 

3        3  3*3r3 


th  J^  J> 


H  ■  I  Ji  i'  J3]^ 


S 


rais_  des    e  -    toi     -      les! 
e  6      2  W  3 


Si      j'e  -  tajs_jar-di 

2  e  " 


ii 


y^i^  -^j^jij) 


^5 


f 


nier   d'a-^mour 
ya 


Te    te  cueil  -  le  -  rais  des  ca  -    res  -  ses, 

*'3      3        3*    ya       se        e  *  3 


|.¥itju^  i3jiiii.h  J'  J  IJ^  J^i;)^ 


Te     te      fe  -  te-rais     tout    le     jour 

3         3  3        e  3  - 


Si     j'e-  tajs_jar-di- 

2         e  " 


m 


rit 


S^ 


a  tempo 


^gi 


nier  d'armour!       En  leurs   i  -  ne  -   di  -  tes  ten-dres-  ses 
3^  -  oy-^^2  3o*3 


FRENCH  DICTION 


J07 


I)  }i  j)  ji  J^'  11-^^  i'  ir  i^J^  J^  i^ 


s 


^^"-id 


Mes  bou-quets  te     fe  -  raienl    la      cour.     Si      i'e  -  tais  jar-  di  - 


¥11  h    i' 


'       J^       J« 


^fe 


s 


nier     d'a  -  mour 
yz 


''3 


te 
3 


cueil-le 


rais_  des      ca 
6         e 


^ 


3 


^it=55 


pj.nj  I J  ill  iiv^  '/>;';'!  j'.^^ 


res    -       ses! 

*  3 


Mais  mon  jar  -  din  n'est  que  chan- 
e        6       ~        a       e  3        o 


h  i)  j^  J^ 


P    P    F    EJ- 


-«i 


sons,, Et     tu  peux        y     cueil-lir      toi  -    me  -   me, 

6  e  ^ ^  3  4f  y-         w  3 


|,  V  ji  ji  Ji  I  ji  ;>  J)  J^  I  j  jj  iiVo  v^j^  j^  j^ 


Dieu  pour  les    nids  fit    les    buis  -  sons , 
w  -    6  e        w*         o 


A 


P  J^  j^  j^  ^ 


P 


dolcissi?no 


Et  mon  jar. 
6      6- 

cresa  - - 


^=i^ 


W 


i^^ 


A 


din   n'est  que    chan  -  sonS;    Viens  -  la 
a        e         3  o  o  ya 

/ 


re    -    ver       si. 
2 

P 


^^^^^^ 


^ 


ton  coeur      m'ai-me,        Et mon  coeur    au  -  ra  des  fris- 

6  y-  e        3  e  6  y"- — ^6  e        * 


^ 


rit  pa  tempo     '\J 


cresc 


*    J    I  j^  J^  JJJJS 


^ 


^ 


s 


Maia 


sons.Majs  mon  jar  -  din_  n'est  que  chan-sons,    Et    tu    peu^ 
6  e  6"ae  3ofi  6 


n/ 


5 


p  1^        a  tempo 


j^^ 


^ 


^ 


^f- 


cueil  -  lir 
3  *     y- 


toi 
w 


-  mc  - 


mel 

3 


io8 


FRENCH  DICTION 


SI  LE    BONHEUR 
3  -  y  - 

ROMANZA  from  "FAUST" 


.  Andante 


CHARLI-rS  GOUNOD 
"     ♦  6 


m 


0     \    m 


J-^-4-^ 


^ 


Si        le   "bon    -  heur        a     sou-ri   -    re     t'in  - 
3         y-  3       a 


J'   h  I  j,    \,  ^ 


1 


^^ 


vi   -    le  Jo.  -  yeux^a    -     lors,    je    sensjun  doux e  - 

o  X  3         O  ^  2 


j  r  r  r  I  ^-^^'  ^'  "^^  ^'  ^'  ^' 


moi, 
w 


Si        la    dou   -    leur_ 

y- 


t'ac  -  ca  -  ble,  Mar-eue 
*  3-3 


P  ^   i'  ^  r    >  JMi.J    M  r    -^ 


ri  -    te, 

3 


O       Mar-  eue  -     ri  -    te, 
2  -         3  3 


6       Mar-  eiie- 

2  -      ^    3 


^^l■l'^  j',H,jj'j'j|  I  iJ<- 


ri  -  te,      Je   pleurea   -  lors,  je  pleu-re  coi 


3  "3 


com -me 

3*3 


toi. 
w 


I 


3 


-  J  J'  J'  I  J'  ;  M  f  ^^ 


Com -me  deux    fleurs  sur    u  -  ne    me  -  me 
♦        3  y-        ^^         3  3 


ti-  ge      No-tredes  -  tin  sui-vait  le  me -me   cours      De    tes  cha- 

3  !i-  ur^<)  o-  o; 


w      e      3 


3        e 


"  J'  II J^  J.  i,J^  JW'  I  J    ;.  ,.  r    i'  j^ 


grinsj^n     fre     -     re     je    m'af   -   fli  -   ge  O      Mar-gue- 

ao  334^  32  —  3 


FRENCH  DICTION 


109 


^  I J  |j)  •-■  ^   ^'-  i 


:^ 


ri    -    te, 
3 


o      Mar-  e:ue  -    ri    -    te        Comme    11    -    ne 
2  -         3  3  ♦  ' — ^  3 


»    i^    i<  J^  i' 


i 


El? 


soeur  je  t'ai  -  me  -  rai   tou  -  jours, 

y-  ''3    6    3   e  '^  -^ 


Je 

''3 


^ 


ou  -  jour^ Je 


t'ai 
e 


me  -  rai 
3       e 


^^m 


"» — - 


t'ai 

e 


me  -  rai    tou  -  jours' 


SI  VOUS  N'AVEZ  RIEN  A  ME  DIRE 

2  y  a^^  3  3 

VICTOR  HUGO 
~      ~  6 

Moderate 


Baroness  WILLY  de  ROTHSCHILD 
♦         3 


f^    (  .     Moaerato 


Si    VOUS     n'a  -  vez    rier 
2        ya 


me      di   -   re, 

3  3' 


^SK  W'  i'  p  P'  Pip  p  J  Ivii^^i' J^n^'^J^ 


Pour-quoi  ve-nir    au-pres  de  moi?      Pour-quoi  me  fai-re 
~  w      3        ^-^6  3w  "W3e3 


''''  III 11'  I  Ml  1 1  ii  I  r^iM 


ce    sou-ri-    re     Qui    tour-ne-rait     la  tete   au       roi? 


3      e 


o  w 


p'lh  vi'J^J'J'  jl  I  M  I  I    I    I  I  Til 


Si  VOUS  n'a-vez  rien.^ a.  me  di  -  re         Pour-quoi  ve-nir  au- 

2ya  3  3  -^w3      ^-o 


no 


FRENCH  DICTION 


^Sh  p  Vr  I  ^  p  p  P  p  r  I  r  ^''  r  ^^ 


pres    de   moi?  Si  vous  n'a-vez  rien     i  me  di  -  re  Pour- 


3         W 


2       ya 


3  3 


quoi     ve  -  nir     au  -  pres      de  moi? 

w       3         ^-o  3  w 


i''i'i  -  ^  I'l  ^  I'  ii  I  ii  ^'  I    irn 


Si     vous    n'a-  vez    riei 
2        ya 


m'ap-pren-  dre, 
*         o  3* 


m 


'W  ''  J''  J'  p  ^'"  |i||    I    I  I  i|  I II I   I  II 'ill  I 

Pour-quoi  me  pres-sez-vous  la  main?      Sur   le  reve  an-ee- 
w     3       ♦    2  a  -     3       ^^o    ^2 


|,|J|)|.|jMlpy    ^.kJ|,J,     I    )|    f "    ^ 


^ 


22 


liqueet  tendre    Au    -     quel  vous  son-c:ez    en    che  -  min? 
e    o       —    o  -  6     **2^^^o  3         a 


a    me     di  -  re  Pour  -  quoi    ve-  nir   au  -  pres    de      moi? 

3  •  3  "  w       3  ^^6  3  w 


^A  ^-  p  [T  p  p  p  I  ■^'  J'  r   -t^  j^ 


kfe 


Si     vous    n'a  -  vez    rien 
2        ya^ 


a     m'ap-pren  -  dre    Pour. 
♦       o  3  - 


j^       pa  tempo 


,h  p  p    JmiJ'  JHJ.  |i    ip-J'' J^  i'  J^ 


S 


quoi  me  pres-sez-vous  la   main? 
w     3       ♦    2  a 


Si  vous  vou-  lez   que 

2       ^3 


I'lH  ll>^J  iiTi^  J^  p  r  I?  It  P^ 


^ 


^ 


je  m'en  ail  -  le,  Pour-quoi  pas-sez-vous      par    i  -  ci? 

3        O      e*       3  -        W      2*     2  " — 


FRENCH  DICTION 


III 


^'h  V  i|J^  nJ'  J'  ^^'  iij^  I  tti'  "F   t    i 


Ldrs  -  que      je      vous   vols,  je      tres  -  sail  -    le: 

3  3  W  3  4c  e4(         73 


I 


^-|,^  ^  Jj^    f  ^^ 


/7\       a  tempo 


J.  h  i)  J^  J)  J^ 


s 


C'est  ma  joie     et  c'est  mqn    sou  -  ci, 
w4f      e        e         6 


Si  vous  vou-lez  que 

2  3 


k^  1\}  J  ly<\  V  J-'  J^  p  P"  p  I  V  Vr    I 


je  m'en  ail  -  le  Pour-quoi  pas- sez- vous      par    i  -  ci, 

3        O      eJ^f       3  -        w      2*     2  ^^-^ 


jj'ik .  p_  fr  rfr^  ^,  I  h  J  I     I.  |.  I 


Si     vous     vou-lez      que       je     m^en     ail    -    le     Pour 
2  3  3  o       e4c         3 


quoi      pas 
w        2* 


sez  -  vous     par 
2  ^ 


SOUPIR 


THEOPHILE  GAUTIER 
2  ♦       6       ye 

A    .       Andantino 


CHARLES   WIDOR 
-    * 


» 


^^ 


^^ 


5 


£ 


f'ai      lais     -      se. 

e  e*  2 


de    mon  sein      de 
3         6a  3 


!* 


M 


Y I  J.  J^  J^  J^  J    ^m 


eretc 


n 


nei  -  ge Tom  -  ber      un  oeil-let  rouee     a       I'eau: 

e3  o         2         e3*y2         ''^ 6 


He- 

♦  2 


%  ^■UjrlJ.t^J'lQ'J'  J''>  >  J>  ^ 


las!        He -las!        He-  las!  Com-ment,com-ment  le      re-pren- 
2-  ♦22-  *2       2-        *      d        ♦      o       3        3        o 


l^^\\  7r7T~J-,  i"^  J'  f  j^ ;:  J-^ 


-Q-^ 


drai  -  je    Mouil  -  le 
6      3  *  ya 


par    I'on  -  de    du  ruis  -  seaul. 
"6  3  w*  xt 


112 


FRENCH  DICTION 


* 


p 


I  J-  Mi 


JM    J-   i'   K  i'    J^    ,  !■> 


p  T  I  f  r' 


Voi  -    la le  cou-  rant   qui  Ten  -  trai  -  ne, 

w  3  o       ^  o  e         3 


m 


CTMC. 


r    r  r    p  t  j'  p  i  f   r  ^ 


Bel       oeil  -  let        aux     vi  -  ves     cou    -      leurs. Pour 

^3*     yi^ ^6  3  y- 


quoi       torn  -  ber       dans     la     fon    -     tai 
w  6         2  o  6  e 


ne. 

3 


Pour 


—  ff. 


'/ 


far  -    ro  -  ser        j'a  -  vais   mes        pleurs, Pour 


ro  -  ser         i'a  -  vais    mes 
2        2*'  -  ^ 


pleurs,. 

y- 


fefe 


s 


^pp 


g 


2tl 


far  - 


ro  -  ser        j'a  -  vais    mes       pleurs.         T'ai       lais 
2  e  e  y-  e  e 


*/ 


^'•l^  J-     i'  i^    J'    J       j^ 


g 


se de     mon    sein         de  nei   -    ee 

2  3  6         a  3  6  3 


eresc. 


Tom- 
d 


l]\  J.  J'J^  J'  J    i'lj.  UffiJ-upiJ,  uii 


He- las!         He 


ber    un  oeil -let  rouge     a     I'eau,       He- las!         He- las!        He- 

2         e      3  ♦ye  ^ 6  ♦2      2"  ♦2-2-  ^2 


h\  ^T-f  J'  J'  h  i'  J>  i) .  fj  1.  >  i'  Q 


^ 


las'.  Com-mefit.com-ment  le      re-pren-drai- je  Mouil-le, 
2-4(o4to33o  e3  *y2 


-:_,_    / 


cretc.  ff 


^'•itJjij-  ij'j'i.i.i^pi|--u^ir  r^^ 


^  par  i'on-de  du  ruis-seau.     He-las!        He-las! 

-      6        3  W*     o  *2     2-  ♦2     2- 


FRENCH  DICTION 


"3 


VICTOR  WILDER 

Andantino 


UN  DOUX  LIEN 
e  y  a 


ALFRED  DELBRUOK 


i'l'V'    ii  |i  '  I  I  I  I  II    'I 


Un  doux   H  --  en  nousen  -  la   »  gait       tous  deux, 
e  y  a  'o  '  e 


>p  f?  r    J^'^-lMf-  Mvp   |T  J'jJ^ 


Ton brasau  mien s'e-tait  ri  -  ve;         Quand.louta  coup.ibu-vrisles 
6      2    6      ya    2     e  2  o  ^  '  e" 


espress. 


hp  p  ; 


g- — nI  1     i' 


r/'^ 


M^  ff  I  J-   ^{^ 


_ 


^yeux: 


J'a-vais    re        ve! 
•'  e  2 


^1-  ^'M  r  'i^''f^  M  ir  jT  r  ^^ 


Ce  tendre  a  -  veu  que  i'im-plo- rais    de  toi, 

3      O  '  3       a  e  3     W 


Ta    levre. 


J''  •}'  i'  I J    ;  p: 


^a 


^ 


,en  -  fin        I'a  -  vait    trou    -    ve, . 
'  o         a  e  2 


Ton      ame. 
6^ ♦ 


m 


^p  jT  M  r   F  ^  "  4M-^ 


m 


e  -  tait^    ^a 
2  e 


P  rail. 


moiL 
w 


J'a  -  vajs    re 
e 


^H 


^^^^^^^ 


1' 


pa  -  vais       re  ve!. 

e  2 


^A^  r   p  J''  i;  J'  F  r  Tr"'  J^ 

O        songe    ai  -  me.    char-mante   et      douce       er 


songe_jii  -  me,   char  -  mante__et      douQe_ 

f\  Ck  ^  *-V  *fc 


o         e 


er  -  reur, 


114 


!?^=^=^ 


FRENCH  DICTION 


^^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


Qu'un  souffle,  he  -  las!      vienl  m'en  -  le         ver; 
€♦♦2        2"  yao3  e 


poco  animato 


^W  .    ff  p    J-'    >    J^    >   J^   l^-^-P   I 


Re-viens  ber  -  cer     mon   pau  -  vre 
3    ya         ~       2  6        6         3 


coeur! 

y 


i 


i^ 


-i    ^       i' 


/^t: 


^ 


Jm  <  -  I  - i 


^^ 


^ 


XE 


Te    veux    re      -      ver!. 
*'  2 


A   GENERAL  TABLE. 


letters: 

name: 

MARKED : 

a 

A  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

k 

A  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

a 

A  exceptional 

a 

2 

ai 

E  ordinary 

ai 

6 

ai 

E  exceptional 

ai 

aim 

Nasal-sound 

aim 

a 

ain 

Nasal-sound 

ain 

a 

am 

Nasal-sound 

am 

o 

an 

Nasal-sound 

an 

o 

a(s) 

A  exceptional 

as 

2 

a(tion) 

A  exceptional 

ation 

2      6 

au 

0  exceptional 

au 

6 

e 

E  mute 

e 

9 

^ 

E  ordinary 

«5 

(unmarked) 

h 

E  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

€ 

E  exceptional 

2 

eau  ' 

O  exceptional 

eau 

"S 


ii6 

FRENCH  DICTION 

LETTERS: 

name: 

marked: 

ei 

E  ordinary 

ei 
6 

eim 

Nasal-sound 

eim 

ein 

Nasal-sound 

ein 

em 

Nasal-sound 

em 

o 

en 

Nasal-sound 

en 

o 

er 

E  exceptional 

er 

2 

es 

E  ordinary 

es 

et 

E  ordinary 

et 

et 

E  exceptional 

et 

eu 

Eu  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

ez 

E  exceptional 

ez 

2 

e    (before 

pro- 

E  ordinary 

e  (consonant  marked 

nounced 

conso- 

only)    ec,    ef,    el, 

nants) 

etc. 

e  (before  doubled 

E  ordinary 

e  (consonant  marked 

consonants) 

only)  ess,  ett,  etc. 

• 

1 

I  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

ie 

Vowel -succession 

ie 
y3 

ien 

Nasal-succession 

ien 

ya 

ieu 

Vowel-succession 

ieu 

y 

(Oil 

Liquid  L 

ill 

y 

FRENCH  DICTION 


117 


LE'iTERS: 

NAlVfF,: 

marked: 

im 

Nasal-sound 

im 

a 

in 

Nasal-sound 

in 

a 

0 

0  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

6 

0  exceptional 

6 

2 

oeu 

Eu  exceptional 

(unmarked) 

oi 

Vowel-succession 

oi 

w 

oi 

Exceptional 

oi 

2a 

oin 

Nasal-combination 

oin 

2  a 

om 

Nasal-sound 

om 

6 

on 

Nasal-sound 

on 

6 

6(s) 

0  exceptional 

OS 

2 

o(tion) 

0  exceptional 

otion 

2     6 

ou 

Ou  ordinary 

(unmarkedj 

u 

French  U 

(unmarked) 

ue 

Vowel-succession 

ue 

ui 

Vowel -succession 

ui 

w 

um 

Nasal-sound 

um 

un 

Nasal-sound 

un 

e 

y 

I  ordinary 

(unmarked) 

y 

Consonant 

Y 

ii8 


FRENCH  DICTION 


LEITKRS: 

name: 

1 

ym 

Nasal-sound 

ym 

a 

yn 

Nasal-sound 

yn 
a 

Silent  letters 

Exceptional 

* 

Sounded  letters 

Exceptional 

- 

gn 

Liquid 

gn 

ny 

marked: 


INDEX. 


A,  8,  II,  45- 

exceptional,  9,  ii,  30. 

ordinary,  8,  11,  30,  45. 
Accents: 

Acute,  1,2. 

Circumflex,  I. 

Grave,  i,  2. 

Tonic,  24,  38,  69. 
AI,  the  termination  in  verbs,  46. 
Alphabet,  the,  i. 

Bridge-syllables,  3,  6,  34,  46. 

Cedilla,  the,  i,  2. 

Circumflex,  the,  i. 

Combinations,  27,  28,  30,  37,  38,  39, 

40,  44,  46. 
Consonants,  3. 
double,  7,  44. 
final,  45. 
Conversational  French,  48. 
Conversations: 

I.    At  Table,  49. 
II.    The  Weather,  50. 

III.  The  French  Lesson,  51. 

IV.  Travel  by  Rail,  52. 
V.   The  Concert,  54. 

VI.    A  Dialogue,  55. 

Double  consonants,  7,  44. 

E,  12. 

exceptional,  14,  15,  30. 
final,  25,  69. 

ordinary,  12,  13,  30.  43,  45- 
mute,  12,  16,  17,  23,  25,  30,  43,  45, 
48,  49, .57,  69. 
Et,  the  conjunction,  46. 
EU  in  combination,  28,  29,  30. 
Exercises : 

Spoken,  8,  9,  10,  13,  14,  16,  17,  19,  21, 
22,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  32,  33,  35, 
36,  42;  also  Conversations,  49-56; 
Prose  Selections,  57-68;  Poems, 
70-77. 


Exercises: 

Sung,  9,  ID,  II,  13,  15,  16,  17,  18,  20, 
21,  22,  23,  26,  28,  29,  32,  33,  34,  36, 
37,  39,  41;  also  Songs,  79-ii4- 

Written,  7,  9,  11,  13,  14,  15,  17,  18, 
19,  20,  21,  23,  26,  27,  29. 


Final  consonants,  45. 
Final  E,  25,  69. 
French  and  music,  23,  37,  38. 
French  prose,  57. 

I.    The  Heritage  of  Topffer,  57. 
II.    From    Monsieur    Lecocq,   by 

Gaboriau,  61. 
III.    From     Les     Miserables,     by 
Hugo,  65. 
French  poetry,  69. 

I.  Chanson,  by  de  Musset,  70. 

II.    Le  Corbeau  et  le  Renard,  by  La 
Fontaine,  71. 

III.  Rappelle-toi,  by  de  Musset,  73. 

IV.  Carcassone,  by  Nadau,  75. 
French  songs,  78. 

1.  Berceuse     de     "  Jocelyn"    by 

Godard,  79. 

2.  Bonjour,   Suzon,   by  Lacome, 

80. 

3.  Bonjour,   Suzon,  by  Pessard, 

83. 

4.  Bonne  Nuit,  by  Massenet,  85. 

5.  Chantez,    riez    et    dormez,    by 

,  Gounod,  86. 

6.  Elegie,  by  Massenet,  89. 

7.  Le     mariage     des     roses,     by 

Franck,  90 

8.  Le  sais-tu,  by  Massenet,  92. 

9.  Ma  fleur,  by  Novelli,  94. 
10.    Malgre  mot,  by  Pfeiffer,  95. 

II.  Mon  petit  coeur  soupire,  arr. 

by  Wekerlin,  97. 

12.  Ninon,  by  Tosti,  98. 

13.  Obstination,     by     de     Fonte- 

nailles,  loi. 


119 


I20 


INDEX 


French  songs: 

14.  Ouvre  tes  yeux  bleus,  by  Mas- 

senet, 102. 

15.  Plainte,  by  Denza,  103. 

16.  Romance,  by  Debussy,  105. 

17.  Si  j'etais  jardinier,  by  Chami- 

nade,  106. 

18.  Si  le  bonheur,  by  Gounod,  108. 

19.  Si  vous  n'avez  rien  a  me  dire, 

by  Rothschild,  109. 

20.  Soupir,  by  Widor,  ill. 

21.  Un  doux  lien,   by   Delbruck, 

113. 

General  table,  115. 
GN,  liquid,  46. 
Grave  accent,  1,2. 

Hyphen,  the,  2, 

I,  19. 

ordinary,  19,  30. 
lEN,  the  succession,  44. 

L.  43-  44- 

double,  43,  44. 

liquid,  43,  44. 
Liquid  GN,  46. 

Music  and  French,  23,  37,  38. 
Mute  E,  16,  17,  23,  25,  43,  45,  48,  49, 
57,  69. 

Nasal  sounds,  31,  34. 
first,  31. 
second,  33. 
third,  35. 


Nasal  sounds: 
fourth,  36. 

0,  20,  45. 

exceptional,  22,  23,  30,  36,  41,  45. 
ordinary,  20,  21,  30,  35,  41. 
OEU  in  combination,  28. 

01,  40. 
exceptional,  40. 

OIN,  41. 

OU  in  combination,  27,  30. 

Reading  aloud,  78. 

Successions  of  vowel  sounds,  37,  39,  40, 

44. 
Syllables,  2,  7. 
bridge,  3,  6,  46. 

Table,  a  general,  115. 
Table  of  vowel-sounds,  29,  30. 
Terminal  ^/  in  verbs,  46. 
Tonic  accent,  24,  38,  69, 

U,  26,  30. 

Vowels  and  consonants,  i. 
Vowel-sounds,  5. 

defined,  5. 

table  of,  29,  30. 

succession  of,  37,  38,  39,  40,  44. 

Y,  19. 

consonant,  41,  42. 
Yod,  the,  38,  46. 


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mk  ib  iyj^ 


MAK  15  1933 


h. 


"^'•'■V      :    1986 
WOV  16/936 

AUG    4   1942 
AUG    »    'S46 


/6^ 


i 


APR   2  1947 


^OV  8  1946 


LD  21-50m-l,'3J 


V 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


